Sohebecame，inthedifferentstagesofhiscareer，acaptainoflabourasanindigoplanter，ateacherofBengali，andprofessorofSanskritandMarathi，andtheGovernmenttranslatorofBengali。Nordidheorhisassociatesevermakethemistake——orcommitthefraud——oftheJesuitmissionaries，whoseideaofequalitywiththepeoplewasnotthatofbrotherhoodinChrist，butthatofdraggingdownChristiandoctrine，worshipandcivilisation，tothelevelofidolatrousheathenism，anddeludingtheignorantintoacceptingtheblasphemouscompromise。

Alas！CareycouldnotmanagetogetoutofCalcuttaanditsneighbourhoodforfivemonths。Ashethoughttolivebyfarming，Thomaswastopractisehisprofession；andtheirfirstyear'sincomeof？50had，inthosedayswhentheforeignexchangeswereunknown，toberealisedbythesaleofthegoodsinwhichithadbeeninvested。Asusual，Thomashadagainblundered，sothatevenhisgentlecolleaguehimselfhalf-condemned，half-apologisedforhimbytheshrewdreflectionthathewasonlyfittoliveatsea，wherehisdailybusinesswouldbebeforehim，anddailyprovisionwouldbemadeforhim。Careyfoundhimselfpenniless。Evenhadhereceivedthewholeofhis？5，ashereallydidinonewayorother，whatwasthatforsuchafamilyashisatthebeginningoftheirundertaking？

TheexpenseoflivingatallinCalcuttadrovethewholepartythirtymilesuptherivertoBandel，anoldPortuguesesuburboftheHooglifactory。TheretheyrentedasmallhousefromtheGermanhotel-keeper，besidetheAugustinianprioryandoldestchurchinNorthIndia，whichdatesfrom1599andisstillingoodorder。

TheretheymetKiernander，thenatthegreatageofeighty-four。

Dailytheypreachedortalkedtothepeople。Theypurchasedaboatforregularvisitationofthehamlets，markets，andtownswhichlinebothbanksoftheriver。WithsureinstinctCareysoonfixedonNuddea，asthecentreofBrahmanicalsuperstitionandSanskritlearning，where"tobuildmeahutandlivelikethenatives，"

languagerecalledtousbythewordsofthedyingLivingstoneintheswampsofCentralAfrica。There，inthecapitalofthelastoftheHindookings，besidetheleafytolsorcollegesofariverportwhichrivalsBenares，Poona，andConjeeveraminsanctity，whereChaitanyatheVaishnaivareformerwasborn，CareymighthaveattackedBrahmanisminitsstronghold。Apassageinhisjournalshowshowherealisedtheposition。Thomas，thepundit，andhe"soughttheLordbyprayerfordirection，"andthismuchwastheresult——"SeveralofthemostlearnedPunditsandBrahmanswishedustosettlethere；and，asthatisthegreatplaceforEasternlearning，weseemedinclined，especiallyasitisthebulwarkofheathenism，which，ifoncecarried，alltherestofthecountrymustbelaidopentous。"ButtherewasnoavailablelandthereforanEnglishman'scultivation。FromBandelhewrotehometheseimpressionsofAnglo-Indianlifeandmissionaryduty：——

"26thDec。1793——Amissionarymustbeoneofthecompanionsandequalsofthepeopletowhomheissent，andmanydangersandtemptationswillbeinhisway。OneortwopiecesofadviceImayventuretogive。Thefirstistobeexceedinglycautiouslestthevoyageproveagreatsnare。Allthediscourseisabouthighlife，andeverycircumstancewillcontributetounfitthemindfortheworkandprejudicethesoulagainstthepeopletowhomhegoes；andinacountrylikethis，settledbyEuropeans，thegrandeur，thecustoms，andprejudicesoftheEuropeansareexceedingdangerous。

Theyareverykindandhospitable，buteventovisitthem，ifamankeepsnotableofhisown，wouldmorethantentimesexceedtheallowanceofamission；andalltheirdiscourseisaboutthevicesofthenatives，sothatamissionarymustseethousandsofpeopletreatinghimwiththegreatestkindness，butwhomhemustbeentirelydifferentfrominhislife，hisappearanceineverything，oritisimpossibleforhimtostandtheirprofusewayofliving，beingsocontrarytohischaracterandsomuchabovehisability。

ThisisasnaretodearMr。Thomas，whichwillbefeltbyusbothinsomemeasure。Itwillbeveryimportanttomissionariestobemenofcalmnessandevennessoftemper，andratherinclinedtosufferhardshipsthantocourtthefavourofmen，andsuchwhowillbeindefatigablyemployedintheworksetbeforethem，aninconstancyofmindbeingquiteinjurioustoit。"

Hehadneedofsuchfaithandpatience。HearingofwastelandinCalcutta，hereturnedthereonlytobedisappointed。TheDanishcaptain，knowingthathehadwrittenabotanicalwork，advisedhimtotakeittothedoctorinchargeoftheCompany'sBotanicGarden，andofferhimselfforavacantappointmenttosuperintendpartofit。Thedoctor，whoandwhosesuccessorsweresoontobeproudofhisassistanceonequalterms，hadtotellhimthattheofficehadbeenfilledup，butinvitedthewearymantodinewithhim。

Houseless，withhismaddenedwife，andhersisterandtwoofhisfourchildrendownwithdysentery，duetothebadfoodandexposureofsixweeksintheinteror，Careyfoundafriend，appropriatelyenough，inaBengalimoney-lender。9NeluDutt，abankerwhohadlentmoneytoThomas，offeredthedestitutefamilyhisgardenhouseinthenorth-easternquarterofManicktollauntiltheycoulddobetter。

Theplacewasmeanenough，butCareyneverforgotthedeed，andhehaditinhispowerlongaftertohelpNeluDuttwheninpoverty。

Such，ontheotherhand，wasthedislikeoftheRev。DavidBrowntoThomas，thatwhenCareyhadwalkedfivemilesintheheatofthesuntovisitthecomparativelyprosperousevangelicalpreacher，"Ilefthimwithouthishavingsomuchasaskedmetotakeanyrefreshment。"

CareywouldnothavebeenallowedtoliveinCalcuttaasamissionary。FortyyearsweretopassbeforethatcouldbepossiblewithoutaCompany'spassport。Butnoonewasawareoftheexistenceoftheobscurevagrant，asheseemed，althoughhewashardatwork。

AllaroundhimwasaMohammedancommunitywhomheaddressedwiththegreatestfreedom，andwithwhomhediscussedtherelativemeritsoftheKoranandtheBibleinakindlyspirit，"torecommendtheGospelandthewayoflifebyChrist。"HehadhelpedThomaswithatranslationofthebookofGenesisduringthevoyage，andnowwefindthisinhisjournaltwomonthsandahalfafterhehadlanded：——

"ThroughthedelaysofmycompanionIhavespentanothermonth，anddonescarcelyanything，exceptthatIhaveaddedtomyknowledgeofthelanguage，andhadopportunityofseeingmuchmoreofthegeniusanddispositionofthenativesthanIotherwisecouldhaveknown。

ThisdayfinishedthecorrectionofthefirstchapterofGenesis，whichmoonshisaysisrenderedintoverygoodBengali。Justaswehadfinishedit，apunditandanothermanfromNuddeacametoseeme。Ishowedittothem；andthepunditseemedmuchpleasedwiththeaccountofthecreation；onlytheyhaveanimaginaryplacesomewherebeneaththeearth，andhethoughtthatshouldhavebeenmentionedlikewise……

"Wasveryweary，havingwalkedinthesunaboutfifteenorsixteenmiles，yethadthesatisfactionofdiscoursingwithsomemoney-changersatCalcutta，whocouldspeakEnglish，abouttheimportanceandabsolutenecessityoffaithintheLordJesusChrist。

Oneofthemwasaverycraftyman，andtriedmuchtoentanglemewithhardquestions；butatlast，findinghimselfentangled，hedesisted，andwenttohisoldoccupationofmoney-changingagain。

IfonceGodwouldbyhisSpiritconvincethemofsin，aSaviourwouldbeablessingindeedtothem：buthumannatureisthesamealltheworldover，andallconvictionfailsexceptitisproducedbytheeffectualworkingoftheHolySpirit。"

RamBasuwashimselfindebt，wasindeedallalongaself-interestedinquirer。Butthenextgleamofhopecamefromhim，thattheCareyfamilyshouldmovetothewastejunglesoftheSoondarbans，thetiger-hauntedswampssouth-eastofCalcutta，andtherecultivateagrantofland。Withasumof？6borrowedfromanativeattwelvepercent。byMr。Thomas，aboatwashired，andonthefourthday，whenonlyonemoremealremained，themiserablefamilyandtheirstout-heartedfathersawanEnglish-builthouse。Astheywalkeduptoittheownermetthem，andwithAnglo-Indianhospitalityinvitedthemalltobecomehisguests。HeprovedtobeMr。CharlesShort，inchargeoftheCompany'ssaltmanufacturethere。AsadeisthehadnosympathywithCarey'senterprise，buthehelpedthemissionarynonetheless，andtherewardcametohiminduetimeintheopeningofhishearttotheloveofChrist。HeafterwardsmarriedMrs。Carey'ssister，andinEnglandthetwosurvivedthegreatmissionary，totellthisandmuchmoreregardinghim。Here，attheplaceappropriatelynamedHasnabad，orthe"smilingspot，"

CareytookafewacresontheJamoonaarmoftheunitedGangesandBrahmapootra，andbuilthimabamboohouse，fortymileseastofCalcutta。Knowingthatthesahib'sgunwouldkeepoffthetigers，nativessquattedaroundtothenumberofthreeorfourthousand。

Suchwasthefaith，theindustry，andthemodestyofthebravelittlemanthat，afterjustthreemonths，hewrotethus：——"WhenI

knowthelanguagewellenoughtopreachinit，Ihavenodoubtofhavingastatedcongregation，andImuchhopetosendyoupleasingaccounts。Icansofarconverseinthelanguageastobeunderstoodinmostthingsbelongingtoeatinganddrinking，buyingandselling，etc。MyearissomewhatfamiliarisedtotheBengalisounds。Itisalanguageofaverysingularconstruction，havingnopluralexceptforpronouns，andnotasingleprepositioninit：butthecasesofnounsandpronounsarealmostendless，allthewordsansweringtoourprepositionsbeingputaftertheword，andforminganewcase。

Exceptthesesingularities，Ifinditaneasylanguage。Ifeelmyselfhappyinmypresentundertaking；for，thoughIneverfeltthelossofsocialreligionsomuchasnow，yetaconsciousnessofhavinggivenupallforGodisasupport；andthework，withallitsattendantinconveniences，istomearichreward。IthinktheSocietywoulddowelltokeeptheireyetowardsAfricaorAsia，countrieswhicharenotlikethewildsofAmerica，wherelonglabourwillscarcelycollectsixtypeopletoheartheWord：forhereitisalmostimpossibletogetoutofthewayofhundreds，andpreachersarewantedathousandtimesmorethanpeopletopreachto。WithinIndiaaretheMarathacountryandthenorthernpartstoCashmere，inwhich，asfarasIcanlearn，thereisnotonesoulthatthinksofGodaright……Myhealthwasneverbetter。Theclimate，thoughhot，istolerable；but，attendedasIamwithdifficulties，Iwouldnotrenouncemyundertakingforalltheworld。"

Itwasatthistimethathedrewhisstrengthoftenfromtheexperienceofthefirstmissionary，describedbyIsaiah，inallhissolitude：——"LookuntoAbrahamyourfather，forIcalledhimaloneandblessedhimandincreasedhim。FortheLordshallcomfortZion；

Hewillcomfortallherwasteplaces。"ThesunofHiscomfortshoneforthatlast。

Carey'soriginalintentiontobeginhismissionnearMaldawasnowtobecarriedout。Intheopeningweekof1794thesmallEnglishcommunityinBengalweresaddenedbythenewsthat，whencrossingtheHoogliatCalcutta，aboatcontainingthreeofitsprincipalmerchantsandthewifeofoneofthem，hadbeenupset，andallhadbeendrowned。Itturnedoutthattwoofthemenrecovered，butMr。

R。Udnyandhisyoungwifeperished。HisagedmotherhadbeenoneofthegodlycircleintheResidencyatMaldatowhomThomashadministered；andMr。G。Udny，herotherson，wasstilltheCompany'scommercialResidentthere。AletterofsympathywhichThomassenttothemrestoredtheoldrelations，andresultedinMr。G。UdnyinvitingfirstthewriterandthenCareytobecomehisassistantsinchargeofnewindigofactorieswhichhewasbuildingonhisownaccount。Eachreceivedasalaryequivalentto？50ayear，withtheprospectofacommissionontheout-turn，andevenaproprietaryshare。Carey'sremarkinhisjournalonthedayhereceivedtheofferwas：——"Thisappearingtobearemarkableopeningindivineprovidenceforourcomfortablesupport，Iacceptedit……Ishalllikewisebejoinedwithmycolleagueagain，andweshallunitedlyengageinourwork。"Again：——"TheconversionoftheheathenistheobjectwhichaboveallothersIwishtopursue。IfmysituationatMaldashouldbetolerable，ImostcertainlywillpublishtheBibleinnumbers。"Onreceivingtherejoindertohisacceptanceoftheofferhesetthisdown：——"IamresolvedtowritetotheSocietythatmycircumstancesaresuchthatIdonotneedfuturehelpfromthem，andtodevoteasummonthlyfortheprintingoftheBengaliBible。"

Thishedid，addingthatitwouldbehisgloryandjoytostandinthesamerelationtotheSocietyasifheneededsupportfromthem。

Hehopedtheywouldbethesoonerabletosendanothermissionsomewhere——toSumatraorsomeoftheIndianIslands。Fromthefirsthelivedwithsuchsimplicitythathegavefromone-fourthtoone-thirdofhislittleincometohisownmissionatMudnabati。

Careythussumsuphisfirstyear'sexperiencebeforeleavinghisjunglehomeonathreeweeks'voyageuptheGanges，andrecordshisfirstdeliberateandregularattempttopreachinBengaliontheway。

"8thApril1794——Allmyhopeisin，andallmycomfortarisesfrom，God；withoutHispowernoEuropeancouldpossiblybeconverted，andHispowercanconvertanyIndian；andwhenIreflectthatHehasstirredmeuptothework，andwroughtwonderstopreparetheway，I

canhopeinHispromises，andamencouragedandstrengthened……

"19thApril——OhowgloriousarethewaysofGod！'MysoullongethandfaintethforGod，forthelivingGod，toseeHisgloryandbeautyasIhaveseentheminthesanctuary。'WhenIfirstleftEngland，myhopeoftheconversionoftheheathenwasverystrong；

but，amongsomanyobstacles，itwouldentirelydieawayunlessupheldbyGod。Nothingtoexerciseit，butplentytoobstructit，fornowayearandnineteendays，whichisthespacesinceIleftmydearchargeatLeicester。SincethatIhavehadhurryingupanddown；afivemonths'imprisonmentwithcarnalmenonboardtheship；

fivemorelearningthelanguage；mymoonshinotunderstandingEnglishsufficientlytointerpretmypreaching；mycolleagueseparatedfromme；longdelaysandfewopportunitiesforsocialworship；nowoodstoretireto，likeBrainerd，forfearoftigers(nolessthantwentymeninthedepartmentofDeharta，whereIam，havebeencarriedawaybythemthisseasonfromthesalt-works)；noearthlythingtodependupon，orearthlycomfort，exceptfoodandraiment。Well，IhaveGod，andHisWordissure；andthoughthesuperstitionsoftheheathenwereamilliontimesworsethantheyare，ifIweredesertedbyall，andpersecutedbyall，yetmyhope，fixedonthatsureWord，willrisesuperiortoallobstructions，andtriumphoveralltrials。God'scausewilltriumph，andIshallcomeoutofalltrialsasgoldpurifiedbyfire。Iwasmuchhumbledto-daybyreadingBrainerd。Owhatadisparitybetwixtmeandhim，healwaysconstant，Iasinconstantasthewind！

"22ndApril——BlessGodforacontinuanceofthehappyframeofyesterday。Ithinkthehopeofsoonacquiringthelanguageputsfreshlifeintomysoul；foralongtimemymouthhasbeenshut，andmydayshavebeenbecloudedwithheaviness；butnowIbegintobesomethinglikeatravellerwhohasbeenalmostbeatenoutinaviolentstorm，andwho，withallhisclothesabouthimdrippingwet，seestheskybegintoclear：soI，withonlytheprospectofamorepleasantseasonathand，scarcelyfeelthesorrowsofthepresent。

"23rd——Withallthecaresoflife，andallitssorrows，yetIfindthatalifeofcommunionwithGodissufficienttoyieldconsolationinthemidstofall，andeventoproduceaholyjoyinthesoul，whichshallmakeittotriumphoverallaffliction。IhaveneveryetrepentedofanysacrificethatIhavemadefortheGospel，butfindthatconsolationofmindwhichcancomefromGodalone。

"26thMay——ThisdaykeptSabbathatChandureea；hadapleasantday。

Inthemorningandafternoonaddressedmyfamily，andintheeveningbeganmyworkofpublishingtheWordofGodtotheheathen。

Thoughimperfectintheknowledgeofthelanguage，yet，withthehelpofmoonshi，IconversedwithtwoBrahmansinthepresenceofabouttwohundredpeople，aboutthethingsofGod。Ihadbeentoseeatemple，inwhichweretheimagesofDukkinroy，thegodofthewoods，ridingonatiger；Sheetulla，goddessofthesmallpox，withoutahead，ridingonahorsewithoutahead；Punchanon，withlargeears；andColloroy，ridingonahorse。InanotherapartmentwasSeeb，whichwasonlyasmoothpostofwood，withtwoorthreemouldingsinit，likethebaseofaTuscanpillar。Ithereforediscoursedwiththemuponthevanityofidols，thefollyandwickednessofidolatry，thenatureandattributesofGod，andthewayofsalvationbyChrist。OneBrahmanwasquiteconfounded，andanumberofpeoplewereallatoncecryingouttohim，'Whydoyounotanswerhim？Whydoyounotanswerhim？'Hereplied，'Ihavenowords。'JustatthistimeaverylearnedBrahmancameup，whowasdesiredtotalkwithme，whichhedid，andsoaccededtowhatI

said，thatheatlastsaidimageshadbeenusedoflateyears，butnotfromthebeginning。IinquiredwhatImustdotobesaved；hesaidImustrepeatthenameofGodagreatmanytimes。Ireplied，wouldyou，ifyoursonhadoffendedyou，besopleasedwithhimastoforgivehimifheweretorepeattheword'father'athousandtimes？Thismightpleasechildrenorfools，butGodiswise。HetoldmethatImustgetfaith；Iaskedwhatfaithwas，towhichhegavemenointelligiblereply，butsaidImustobeyGod。Ianswered，whatareHiscommands？whatisHiswill？TheysaidGodwasagreatlight，andasnoonecouldseehim，hebecameincarnate，underthethreefoldcharacterofBrhumma，Bishno，andSeeb，andthateitherofthemmustbeworshippedinordertolife。ItoldthemofthesureWordoftheGospel，andthewayoflifebyChrist；and，nightcomingon，leftthem。Icannottellwhateffectitmayhave，asImayneverseethemagain。"

AtthebeginningofthegreatrainsinthemiddleofJuneCareyjoinedMr。Udnyandhismotheratthechieffactory。OneachofthenexttwoSabbathshepreachedtwiceinthehalloftheResidencyoftheCompany，whichexcludedallChristianmissionariesbyActofParliament。AsanindigoplanterhereceivedtheCompany'slicencetoresideforatleastfiveyears。Soon26thJunehebeganhisseculardutiesbycompletingfortheseasonofindigomanufacturethebuildingsatMudnabati，andmakingtheacquaintanceoftheninetynativesunderhischarge。BothMr。UdnyandheknewwellthathewasaboveallthingsaChristianmissionary。"Thesewillfurnishacongregationimmediately，and，addedtotheextensiveengagementswhichImustnecessarilyhavewiththenatives，willopenaverywidedoorforactivity。Godgrantthatitmaynotonlybelargebuteffectual。"

Thesewerethedays，whichcontinuedtillthenextcharter，whentheEastIndiaCompanywasstillnotonlyabodyofmerchantsbutofmanufacturers。Ofalltheoldmonopoliesonlythemosteviloneisleft，thatofthegrowth，manufacture，andsaleofopium。Thecivilservants，whoweretermedResidents，hadnotpoliticaldutieswithtributarysovereignsasnow，butfromgreatfactory-likepalaces，andonlargesalaries，madeadvancesofmoneytocontractors，nativeandEuropean，whoinducedtheryotstoweavecloth，tobreedandfeedthesilkworm，andtogrowandmakethebluedyetowhichIndiahadlonggiventhenameof"indigo。"Mr。Careywasalreadyfamiliarwiththesystemofadvancesforsalt，andtheopiummonopolywastheninitsinfancy。TheEuropeancontractorswere"interlopers，"

whointroducedthemostvaluablecultivationandprocessesintoIndia，andyetwithwhomthe"covenanted"Residentswereoftenatwar。TheResidentshadthemselveslibertyofprivatetrade，andunscrupulousmenabusedit。Clivehadbeenhurriedoutthirtyyearsbeforetochecktheabuse，whichwasruiningnotonlytheCompany'sinvestmentsbutthepeople。IthadsospreadonhisdeparturethatevenjudgesandchaplainssharedinthespoilstillCornwallisinterfered。InthecaseofMr。G。Udnyandpurelycommercialagentstheevilwasreducedtoaminimum，andthepracticehadbeendeliberatelysanctionedbySirJohnShoreonthegroundthatitwasdesirabletomaketheinterestsoftheCompanyandofindividualsgohandinhand。

ThedayswhenEuropegotitscottonclothfromIndia，callingit"calico，"fromCalicut，anditsrichyellowsilks，havelongsincepassed，althoughthelatterarestillsuppliedinaninferiorform，andtheformerisoncemoreraisingitshead，fromthecombinationofmachineryandcheaplabour。FortheoldabusesoftheCompanytheGovernmentbyParliamenthastosomeextentatonedbyfosteringthenewculturesoftea，coffee，andcinchona，juteandwheat。Thesystemofinducingtheryotstocultivatebyadvances，protectedbyastringentcontractlaw，stillexistsinthecaseofopium。TheindigoculturesystemofCarey'stimebrokedownin1860inthelowerdistricts，where，followingtheCompanyitself，theplantermadecashadvancestothepeasant，whowasrequiredtosowindigoonlandwhichheheldasatenantbutoftenasaproprietor，todeliveritatafixedrate，andtobeartheriskofthecropaswellastheexactionsofthefactoryservants。ItstillexistsintheupperdistrictsofBihar，especiallyinTirhoot，onasystemcomparativelyfreefromeconomicobjections。

Theplantknownas"IndigoferaTinctoria"issowninMarchinsoilcarefullyprepared，growstoabout5feet，iscutdownearlyinJuly，isfermentedinvats，andtheliquorisbeatentillitprecipitatesthepreciousbluedye，whichisboiled，drained，cutinsmallcakes，anddried。Fromfirsttolastthegrowthandthemanufactureareevenmoreprecariousthanmosttropicalcrops。Anevenrainfall，rigorousweeding，themostcarefulsuperintendenceofthechemicalprocesses，andconscientiouspacking，arenecessary。

Onegoodcropinthreeyearswillpaywherethefactoryisnotburdenedbysevereinterestoncapital；oneeveryotheryearwillpayverywell。PersonallyCareyhadmorethantheusualqualificationsofasuccessfulplanter，scientificknowledge，scrupulousconscientiousnessandindustry，andfamiliaritywiththenativecharacter，sosoonasheacquiredthespecialexperiencenecessaryforsuperintendingthemanufacture。Thatexperiencehesparednoefforttogainatonce。

"1st，2nd，and3rdJuly——Muchengagedinthenecessarybusinessofpreparingourworksfortheapproachingseasonofindigo-making，whichwillcommenceinaboutafortnight。IhadontheeveningofeachofthesedaysverypreciousseasonsofferventprayertoGod。I

havebeenontheseeveningsmuchdrawnoutinprayerformydearfriendsatLeicester，andfortheSocietythatitmaybeprosperous；

likewisefortheministersofmyacquaintance，notonlyoftheBaptistbutotherdenominations。IwasengagedforthechurchesinAmericaandHolland，aswellasEngland，andmuchconcernedforthesuccessoftheGospelamongtheHindoos。AtpresentIknownotofanysuccesssinceIhavebeenhere。ManysaythattheGospelisthewordoftruth；buttheyaboundsomuchinflatteryandencomiums，whicharemerewordsofcourse，thatlittlecanbesaidrespectingtheirsincerity。Theverycommonsinsoflyingandavaricearesouniversalalso，thatnoEuropeanwhohasnotwitnesseditcanformanyideaoftheirvariousappearances：theywillstooptoanythingwhatsoevertogetafewcowries，andlieoneveryoccasion。OhowdesirableisthespreadoftheGospel！

"4thJuly——Rathermoreflat，perhapsowingtotheexcessiveheat；

forintherainyseason，iftherebeafineday，itisveryhotindeed。Suchhasbeenthisday，andIwasnecessitatedtobeoutinitfrommorningtillevening，givingnecessarydirections。Ifeltverymuchfatiguedindeed，andhadnospiritsleftintheevening，andinprayerwasverybarren……

"9thJulyto4thAug——Employedinvisitingseveralfactoriestolearntheprocessofindigo-making。HadsomeverypleasantseasonsatMalda，whereIpreachedseveraltimes，andthepeopleseemedmuchaffectedwiththeWord。Oneday，asMr。ThomasandIwereridingout，wesawabaskethunginatree，inwhichaninfanthadbeenexposed；theskullremained，theresthavingbeendevouredbyants。"

SuccessintheindigoculturewasindeedneverpossibleinMudnabati。ThefactorystoodontheriverTangan，withinwhatisnowthedistrictofDinajpoor，thirtymilesnorthofMalda。TothisdaytherevenuesurveyorsofGovernmentdescribeitaslowandmarshy，subjecttoinundationduringtherains，andconsideredveryunhealthy。Careyhadnotbeenthereafortnightwhenhehadtomakethisrecord：——

"5th，6th，7thJuly——Muchemployedinsettlingtheaffairsofthebuildings，etc。，havingbeenabsentsolong，andseveralofourmanagingandprincipalpeoplebeingsick。Itisindeedanawfultimeherewithusnow，scarcelyadaybutsomeareseizedwithfevers。Itis，Ibelieve，owingtotheabundanceofwater，therebeingrice-fieldsallaroundus，inwhichtheydamupthewater，sothatallthecountryhereaboutsisaboutafootdeepinwater；andaswehaverain，thoughmoderatetowhatIexpectedtherainyseasontobe，yetthecontinualmoistureoccasionsfeversinsuchsituationswherericeiscultivated……Feltathomeandthankfulthesedays。OthatImaybeveryuseful！Imustsoonlearnthelanguagetolerablywell，forIamobligedtoconversewiththenativeseveryday，havingnootherpersonshereexceptmyfamily。"

SooninSeptember，theworstofallthemonthsinBengal，hehimselfwasbroughtneartothegravebyafever，oneoftheparoxysmscontinuingfortwenty-sixhourswithoutintermission，"whenprovidentiallyMr。Udnycametovisitus，notknowingthatIwasill，andbroughtabottleofbarkwithhim。"Heslowlyrecovered，butthesecondyoungestchild，Peter，aboyoffive，wasremovedbydysentery，andcastemadeitlongdifficulttofindanynativetodighisgrave。Butofthistimethefaithfulsufferercouldwrite：——

"SometimesIenjoyedsweetseasonsofself-examinationandprayer，asIlayuponmybed。ManyhourstogetherIsweetlyspentincontemplatingsubjectsforpreaching，andinmusingoverdiscoursesinBengali；andwhenmyanimalspiritsweresomewhatraisedbythefever，IfoundmyselfabletoreasonanddiscourseinBengaliforsomehourstogether，andwordsandphrasesoccurredmuchmorereadilythanwhenIwasinhealth。WhenmydearchildwasillIwasenabledtoattenduponhimnightandday，thoughverydangerouslyillmyself，withoutmuchfatigue；andnow，IblessGodthatIfeelasweetresignationtohiswill。"

Astillharderfatebefellhim。Themonomaniaofhiswifebecamechronic。AletterwhichshewroteandsentbyspecialmessengercalledforthfromThomasthislovingsympathy：——"Youmustendeavourtoconsideritadisease。Theeyesandearsofmanyareuponyou，towhomyourconductisunimpeachablewithrespecttoallhercharges；butifyoushowresentment，theyhaveears，andothershavetonguessetonfire。WereIinyourcase，Ishouldbeviolent；butblessedbeGod，whosuitsourburdenstoourbacks。SometimesI

prayearnestlyforyou，andIalwaysfeelforyou。ThinkofJob，ThinkofJesus。Thinkofthosewhowere'destitute，afflicted，tormented。'"

AvoyageuptheTanganinMr。Udny'spinnaceasfarasthenorthfrontier，ataspotnowpassedbytherailwaytoDarjeeling，restoredtheinvalid。"Iamnohunter，"hewrote，whileThomaswasshootingwildbuffaloes，buthewaseveraddingtohisstoreofobservationsofthepeople，thecustomsandlanguage。MeanwhilehewaslongingforlettersfromFullerandPearceandRyland。AttheendofJanuary1795themissionaryexilethustalksofhimselfinhisjournal：——"Muchengagedinwriting，havingbeguntowriteletterstoEurope；buthavingreceivednone，Ifeelthathopedeferredmakestheheartsick。However，IamsofullysatisfiedofthefirmnessoftheirfriendshipthatIfeelasweetpleasureinwritingtothem，thoughratherofaforlornkind；andhavingnothingbutmyselftowriteabout，feeltheawkwardnessofbeinganegotist。

Ifeelasocialspiritthoughbarredfromsociety……Isometimeswalkinmygarden，andtrytopraytoGod；andifIprayatallitisinthesolitudeofawalk。Ithoughtmysoulalittledrawnoutto-day，butsoongrossdarknessreturned。SpokeawordortwotoaMohammedanuponthethingsofGod，butIfeeltobeasbadasthey……9thMay。Ihaveaddednothingtothesememoirssincethe19thofApril。NowIobservethatforthelastthreesabbathsmysoulhasbeenmuchcomfortedinseeingsolargeacongregation，andmoreespeciallyasmanywhoarenotourownworkmencomefromthepartsadjacent，whoseattendancemustbewhollydisinterested。I

thereforenowrejoiceinseeingaregularcongregationoffromtwotosixhundredpeopleofalldescriptions——Mussulmans，BrahmansandotherclassesofHindus，whichIlookuponasafavourabletokenfromGod……BlessedbeGod，IhaveatlastreceivedlettersandotherarticlesfromourfriendsinEngland……fromdearbrethrenFuller，Morris，Pearce，andRippon，butwhynotfromothers？……14thJune。I

havehadverysoretrialsinmyownfamily，fromaquarterwhichI

forbeartomention。HavegreaterneedforfaithandpatiencethaneverIhad，andIblessGodthatIhavenotbeenaltogetherwithoutsuppliesofthesegraces……Mr。ThomasandhisfamilyspentoneLord'sdaywithus，May23rd……WespentWednesday，26th，inprayer，andforaconvenientplaceassembledinatempleofSeeb，whichwasneartoourhouse……Iwasfromthatdayseizedwithadysentery，whichcontinuednearlyaweekwithfearfulviolence；butthenI

recovered，throughabundantmercy。Thatdayofprayerwasagooddaytooursouls。WeconcertedmeasuresforformingaBaptistchurch。"

Tohissisterhewrote，onthe11thMarch，ofthechurch，whichwasdulyformedofEuropeansandEurasians。NonativeconvertwasmadeinthisDinapoormissiontill1806，afterCareyhadremovedtoSerampore。"Wehaveintheneighbourhoodaboutfifteenorsixteenseriouspersons，orthoseIhavegoodhopesof，allEuropeans。WiththenativesIhaveverylargeconcerns；almostallthefarmersfornearlytwentymilesroundcultivateindigoforus，andthelabouringpeopleworkingheretothenumberofaboutfivehundred，sothatI

haveconsiderableopportunityofpublishingtheGospeltothem。I

havesomuchknowledgeofthelanguageastobeabletopreachtothemforabouthalfanhour，soastobeunderstood，butamnotabletovarymysubjectsmuch。Itellthemoftheevilanduniversalityofsin，thesinsofanaturalstate，thejusticeofGod，theincarnationofChristandhissufferingsinourstead，andofthenecessityofconversion，holiness，andfaith，inordertosalvation。

Theyhearwithattentioningeneral，andsomecometomeforinstructioninthethingsofGod。"

"Itwasalwaysmyopinionthatmissionariesmayandmustsupportthemselvesafterhavingbeensentoutandreceivedalittlesupportatfirst，andinconsequenceIpursueaverylittleworldlyemploymentwhichrequiresthreemonths'closishattendanceintheyear；butthisisintherains——themostunfavourableseasonforexertion。Ihaveadistrictofabouttwentymilessquare，whereI

amcontinuallygoingfromvillagetovillagetopublishtheGospel；

andinthisspaceareabouttwohundredvillages，whoseinhabitantsfromtimetotimeheartheWord。Mymanneroftravellingiswithtwosmallboats；oneservesmetolivein，andtheotherforcookingmyfood。Icarryallmyfurnitureandfoodwithmefromplacetoplace——viz。achair，atable，abed，andalamp。Iwalkfromvillagetovillage，butrepairtomyboatforlodgingandeating。

Thereareseveralriversinthisextentofcountry，whichisveryconvenientfortravelling。"

Carey'sfirstconvertseemstohavebeenIgnatiusFernandez，aPortuguesedescendantwhohadprosperedasatraderinDinapoorstation。ThefirstProtestantplaceofworshipinBengal，outsideofCalcutta，wasbuiltbyhim，in1797，nexttohisownhouse。

ThereheconductedservicebothinEnglishandBengali，wheneverCareyandThomas，andFountainafterwards，wereunabletogoouttothestation，andinhishouseThomasandFountaindied。Heremainedthereasamissionarytillhisowndeath，fouryearsbeforeCarey's，whenheleftallhispropertytothemission。Themission-house，asitisnow，isatypicalexampleofthebungalowofonestory，whichafterwardsformedthefirstchapelinSerampore，andisstillcommonasofficers'quartersinBarrackporeandothermilitarystations。

SidebysidewithhisdailypublicpreachingandmoreprivateconversationswithinquirersinBengali，CareycarriedontheworkofBibletranslation。Aseachnewportionwasprepareditwastestedbybeingreadtohundredsofnatives。Thedifficultywasthathehadatoncetogivealiteraryformtotherichmaterialsofthelanguage，andtofindintheseoradaptfromthemtermssufficientlypureandaccuratetoexpressthedivineideasandfactsrevealedthroughtheHebrewandtheGreekoftheoriginal。Hegivesusthisunconsciousglimpseofhimselfatworkonthisloftiestandmostfruitfuloftasks，whichJeromehadfirstaccomplishedforLatinChristendom，UlfilaforourScandinavianforefathers，WicliffortheEnglish，andLutherfortheGermansofthetime。

"NowImustmentionsomeofthedifficultiesunderwhichwelabour，particularlymyself。Thelanguagespokenbythenativesofthispart，thoughBengali，isyetsodifferentfromthelanguageitself，that，thoughIcanpreachanhourwithtolerablefreedomsoasthatallwhospeakthelanguagewell，orcanwriteorread，perfectlyunderstandme，yetthepoorlabouringpeoplecanunderstandbutlittle；andthoughthelanguageisrich，beautiful，andexpressive，yetthepoorpeople，whosewholeconcernhasbeentogetalittlericetosatisfytheirwants，ortocheattheiroppressivemerchantsandzameendars，havescarcelyawordinuseaboutreligion。Theyhavenowordforlove，forrepent，andathousandotherthings；andeveryideaisexpressedeitherbyquaintphrasesortediouscircumlocutions。Anativewhospeaksthelanguagewellfindsitayear'sworktoobtaintheiridiom。Thissometimesdiscouragesmemuch；butblessedbeGodIfeelagrowingdesiretobealwaysaboundingintheworkoftheLord，andIknowthatmylabourshallnotbeinvainintheLord。IammuchencouragedbyourLord'sexpression，'Hewhoreapeth'(intheharvest)'receivethwages，andgatherethfruituntoeternallife。'IfI，likeDavid，onlyamaninstrumentofgatheringmaterials，andanotherbuildthehouse，I

trustmyjoywillnotbetheless。"Thiswaswrittentothewell-belovedPearce，whomhewouldfainhavehadbesidehimatMudnabati。ToguidethetwomissionarieswhomtheSocietywereabouttosendtoAfricaonthesalarieswhichheandThomashadsetfreeforthisextension，Careyadds：——"Theywilldowelltoassociateasmuchaspossiblewiththenatives，andtowritedowneverywordtheycancatch，withitsmeaning。Butiftheyhavechildrenwiththem，itisbyfarthereadiestwayoflearningtolistentothem，fortheywillcatchupeveryidiominalittletime。

Mychildrencanspeaknearlyaswellasthenatives，andknowmanythingsinBengaliwhichtheydonotknowinEnglish。Ishouldalsorecommendtoyourconsiderationaverylargecountry，perhapsunthoughtof：ImeanBhootanorTibet。Weretwomissionariessenttothatcountry，weshouldhaveitinourpowertoaffordthemmuchhelp……ThedayIreceivedyourletterIsetaboutcomposingagrammaranddictionaryoftheBengallanguagetosendtoyou。ThebestaccountofHindumythologyextant，andwhichisprettyexact，isSonnerat'sVoyage，undertakenbyorderofthekingofFrance。"

WithoutSanskritCareyfoundthathecouldneithermasteritsBengalioffshootnorenrichthatvernacularwiththewordsandcombinationsnecessaryforhistranslationsofScripture。

Accordingly，withhisusualrapidityandindustry，wefindthathehadbyApril1796soworkedhiswaythroughtheintricatedifficultiesofthemotherlanguageoftheAryansthathecouldthuswritetoRyland，withmorethanamerescholar'senthusiasm，ofoneofthetwogreatVedicepics：——"IhavereadaconsiderablepartoftheMahabarata，anepicpoemwritteninmostbeautifullanguage，andmuchuponaparwithHomer；anditwas，likehisIliad，onlyconsideredasagreateffortofhumangenius，Ishouldthinkitoneofthefirstproductionsintheworld；butalas！itisthegroundoffaithtomillionsofthesimplesonsofmen，andassuchmustbeheldintheutmostabhorrence。"Atthebeginningof1798hewrotetoSutcliff：——"IamlearningtheSanskritlanguage，which，withonlythehelpstobeprocuredhere，isperhapsthehardestlanguageintheworld。Toaccomplishthis，IhavenearlytranslatedtheSanskritgrammaranddictionaryintoEnglish，andhavemadeconsiderableprogressincompilingadictionary，Sanskrit，includingBengaliandEnglish。"

BythisyearhehadcompletedhisfirsttranslationoftheBibleexceptthehistoricalbooksfromJoshuatoJob，andhadgonetoCalcuttatoobtainestimatesforprintingtheNewTestament，ofwhichhehadreportedtoMr。Fuller：——"Ithasundergoneonecorrection，butmustundergoseveralmore。Iemployapunditmerelyforthispurpose，withwhomIgothroughthewholeinasexactamannerasIcan。Hejudgesofthestyleandsyntax，andIofthefaithfulnessofthetranslation。Ihave，however，translatedseveralchapterstogether，whichhavenotrequiredanyalterationinthesyntaxwhatever：yetIalwayssubmitthisarticleentirelytohisjudgment。Icanalso，byhearinghimread，judgewhetherheunderstandshissubjectbyhisaccentinghisreadingproperlyandlayingtheemphasisontherightwords。Ifhefailsinthis，I

immediatelysuspectthetranslation；thoughitisnotaneasymatterforanordinaryreadertolaytheemphasisproperlyinreadingBengali，inwhichthereisnopointingatall。Themodeofprinting，i。e。whetheraprinting-press，etc。，shallbesentfromEngland，orwhetheritshallbeprintedhere，orwhetheritshallbeprintedatall，nowrestswiththeSociety。"

Fullerwaswilling，buttheardentscholaranticipatedhim。Seeingawoodenprinting-pressadvertisedinCalcuttafor？0，Careyatonceorderedit。Onitsarrivalin1798，"afterworship"he"retiredandthankedGodforfurnishinguswithapress。"WhensetupintheMudnabatihouseitsworkingwasexplainedtothenatives，onwhomthedelightedmissionary'senthusiasmproducedonlytheimpressionthatitmustbetheidoloftheEnglish。

ButCarey'smissionaryorganisationwouldnothavebeencompletewithoutschools，andinplanningthesefromtheveryfirsthegivesusthegermswhichblossomedintotheSeramporeCollegeof1818ontheonehand，andtheprimaryschoolcirclesundernativeChristianinspectorsontheother，asystemcarriedoutsincetheMutinyof1857bytheChristianLiteratureSociety，andadoptedbythestatedepartmentsofpublicinstruction。

"MUDNABATI，27thJanuary1795——Mr。ThomasandI(betweenwhomtheutmostharmonyprevails)haveformedaplanforerectingtwocolleges(Chowparis，Bengali)，onehereandtheotherathisresidence，whereweintendtoeducatetwelvelads，viz。sixMussulmansandsixHindoosateachplace。Apunditistohavethechargeofthem，andtheyaretobetaughtSanskrit，Bengali，andPersian；theBibleistobeintroduced，andperhapsalittlephilosophyandgeography。Thetimeoftheireducationistobesevenyears，andwefindthemmeat，clothing，lodging，etc。Wearenowinquiringforchildrenproperforthepurpose。WehavealsodeterminedtorequirethattheSocietywilladvancemoneyfortypestoprinttheBengaliBible，andmakeustheirdebtorsforthesum，whichwehopetobeabletopayoffinoneyear：anditwillalsoberequisitetosendaprinting-pressfromEngland。Wewill，ifourlivesarespared，repaythewhole，andprinttheBibleatourownexpense，andIhopetheSocietywillbecomeourcreditorsbypayingforthemwhendelivered。Mr。Thomasisnowpreparinglettersforspecimens，whichIhopewillbesentbythisconveyance。

"WeareundergreatobligationtoMr。G。Udnyforputtingusinthesestations。HeisaveryfriendlymanandatrueChristian。I

havenospiritforpoliticshere；forwhatevertheEastIndiaCompanymaybeinEngland，theirservantsandofficershereareverydifferent；wehaveafewlaws，andnothingtodobuttoobey。"Ofhisownschoolhewrotein1799thatitconsistedoffortyboys。

"Theschoolwouldhavebeenmuchlarger，hadwebeenabletohavebornetheexpense；but，asamongthescholarsthereareseveralorphanswhomwewhollymaintain，wecouldnotprudentlyventureonanyfurtherexpense……Theboyshavehithertolearnedtoreadandwrite，especiallypartsoftheScriptures，andtokeepaccounts。Wemaynowbeabletointroducesomeotherusefulbranchesofknowledgeamongthem……Itrusttheseschoolsmaytendtopromotecuriosityandinquisitivenessamongtherisinggeneration；qualitieswhichareseldomfoundinthenativesofBengal。"

TheMedicalMissioncompletedtheequipment。"IsubmitittotheconsiderationoftheSocietywhetherweshouldnotbefurnishedwithmedicinesgratis。Nomedicineswillbesoldbyus，yetthecostofthementersverydeeplyintoourallowance。ThewholesupplysentintheEarlHowe，amountingto？5，besideschargesamountingtothirtypercent。，fallsonme；butthewholewilleitherbeadministeredtosickpoor，orgiventoanyneighbourwhoisinwant，orusedinourownfamilies。Neighbouringgentlemenhaveoftensuppliedus。Indeed，consideringthedistancewearefrommedicalassistance，thegreatexpensivenessofitfarbeyondourability，andthenumberofwretched，afflictedobjectswhomwecontinuallyseeandwhocontinuallyapplyforhelp，weoughtnevertosellapennyworth。BrotherThomashasbeentheinstrumentofsavingnumbersoflives。Hishouseisconstantlysurroundedwiththeafflicted；andthecureswroughtbyhimwouldhavegainedanyphysicianorsurgeoninEuropethemostextensivereputation。WeoughttobefurnishedyearlywithatleasthalfahundredweightofJesuit'sbark。"

Aroundandasthefruitofthecompletelyorganisedmission，thusconductedbytheordainedpreacher，teacher，scholar，scientist，printer，andlicensedindigoplanterinonestation，andbyhismedicalcolleaguesixteenmilestothenorthofhimatMahipal，theregatheredmanynativeinquirers。Besidestheplanters，civilofficials，andmilitaryofficers，towhomheministeredinMaldaandDinapoorstations，therewasaddedthemostableandconsistentconvert，Mr。CunninghameofLainshaw，theassistantjudge，whoafterwardsinEnglandfoughtthebattleofmissions，andfromhisAyrshireestate，wherehebuiltachurch，becamefamousasanexpounderofprophecy。Careylookeduponthisas"thegreatesteventthathasoccurredsinceourcomingtothiscountry。"TheappointmentofLordMornington，soontobeknownastheMarquisWellesley，"thegloriouslittleman，"asMetcalfecalledhim，andhardlysecondtohisyoungerbrotherWellington，havingledFullertorecommendthatCareyshouldwaituponhisExcellencyatCalcutta，thisreplywasreceived：——"Iwouldnot，however，haveyousupposethatweareobligedtoconcealourselves，orourwork：nosuchthing。Wepreachbeforemagistratesandjudges；andwereItobeinthecompanywithLordMornington，Ishouldnothesitatetodeclaremyselfamissionarytotheheathen，thoughIwouldnotonanyaccountreturnmyselfassuchtotheGovernor-GeneralinCouncil。"

Twoyearsbeforethis，in1797，Careyhadwritten：——"Thismissionshouldbestrengthenedasmuchaspossible，asitssituationissuchasmayputitinourpower，eventually，tospreadtheGospelthroughthegreatestpartofAsia，andalmostallthenecessarylanguagesmaybelearnedhere。"HehadjustreturnedfromhisfirstlongmissionarytouramongtheBhooteas，whofromTibethadoverruntheeasternHimalayafromDarjeelingtoAssam。CareyandThomaswerereceivedasChristianLamasbytheSoobahorlieutenant-governorofthecountrybelowthehills，whichin1865wewerecompelledtoannexandnowadministerasJalpaigoriDistrict。TheyseemedtohavebeenthefirstEnglishmenwhohadenteredtheterritorysincethepoliticalandcommercialmissionsofBogleandBuchanan-HamiltonsentbyWarrenHastings。

"Thegenuinepolitenessandgentleman-likebehaviouroftheSoobahexceededeverythingthatcanbeimagined，andhisgenerositywasastonishing。Heinsistedonsupplyingallourpeoplewitheverythingtheywanted；andifwedidbutcastoureyestoanyobjectintheroom，heimmediatelypresenteduswithoneofthesamesort。Indeedheseemedtointerpretourlooksbeforewewereaware；

andinthismannerhepresentedeachofusthatnightwithasword，shield，helmet，andcup，madeofaverylightbeautifulwood，andusedbyalltheBhooteasfordrinkingin。Weadmiringthewood，hegaveusalargelogofit；whichappearstobelikefir，withaverydarkbeautifulgrain：itisfullofaresinorturpentine，andburnslikeacandleifcutintothinpieces，andservesforthatuse。Ineating，theSoobahimitatedourmannerssoquicklyandexactly，thatthoughhehadneverseenaEuropeanbefore，yetheappearedasfreeasifhehadspenthislifewiththem。Weatehisfood，thoughI

confessthethoughtsoftheJinkof'sbaconmademeeatrathersparingly。WehadmuchtalkaboutBhootan，andabouttheGospel。

"Wefoundthathehaddeterminedtogiveallthecountryatestimonyofhisfriendshipforusinapublicmanner；andthenextdaywasfixedontoperformtheceremonyinourtentonthemarket-place。

Accordinglywegotinstructedinthenecessaryetiquette；andinformedhimwewereonlycomingashortjourneytoseethecountry，werenotprovidedwithEnglishcloth，etc。，forpresents。Thetimebeingcome，wewerewaitedonbytheSoobah，followedbyallhisservants，bothBhooteasandHindus。Beingseated，weexchangedeachfiverupeesandfivepiecesofbetel，inthesightofthewholetown；andhavingchewedbetelforthefirsttimeinourlives，weembracedthreetimesintheEasternmanner，andthenshookhandsintheEnglishmanner；afterwhich，hemadeusapresentofapieceofrichdebangwroughtwithgold，eachaBhootanblanket，andthetailofananimalcalledthecheercow，asbushyasahorse's，andusedintheHinduworship……Inthemorning，theSoobahcamewithhisusualfriendship，andbroughtmorepresents，whichwereceived，andtookourleave。Hesentusawaywitheveryhonourhecouldheapuponus；asabandofmusicbeforeus，guidestoshowustheway，etc……TheSoobahistopayusavisitinalittletime，whichI

hopetoimproveforthegreatendofsettlingamissioninthatcountry。"

CareyappliedhisunusualpowersofdetailedobservationandmemoryinnotingthephysicalandmentalcharacteristicsoftheselittleBuddhists，thestructureofthelanguageandnatureoftheirbooks，beliefs，andgovernment，allofwhichheafterwardsutilised。HewasofteninsightofsnowyKinchinjinga(28，156feet)，behindDarjeeling，andwhentheSoobah，beingsick，afterwardssentmessengerswithgiftstoinducehimtoreturn，hewrote：——"Ihopetoascendthosestupendousmountains，whicharesohighastobeseenatadistanceof200or250miles。Oneofthesedistantmountains，whichisseenatMahipal，isconcealedfromviewbythetopsofanearerrangeofhills，whenyouapproachwithinsixtymilesofthem。

Thedistantrangeformsanangleofabouttendegreeswiththehorizon。"ButthetimedidnotcomeforamissiontothatregiontillthesanitariumofDarjeelingbecamethecentreofanotherBritishdistrictopenedupbyrailwayfromCalcutta，andnowtheaboriginalLepchasarecominginlargenumbersintothechurch。

SubsequentcommunicationsfromtheSoobahinformedthemoftheGarosofAssam。

OnhislastvisittoCalcutta，in1799，"togettypescastforprintingtheBible，"Careywitnessedthatsightofwidow-burningwhichwastocontinuetodisgracealiketheHindoosandtheCompany'sGovernmentuntilhisincessantappealsinIndiaandinEnglandledtoitspreventionin1829。InalettertoDr。Rylandhethusdescribesthehorridrite：——

"MUDNABATI，1stApril1799——AsIwasreturningfromCalcuttaIsawtheSahamaranam，or，awomanburningherselfwiththecorpseofherhusband，forthefirsttimeinmylife。WewerenearthevillageofNoyaSerai，or，asRennellcallsitinhischartoftheHoogliriver，Niaverai。Beingevening，wegotoutoftheboattowalk，whenwesawanumberofpeopleassembledontheriver-side。Iaskedthemwhattheyweremetfor，andtheytoldmetoburnthebodyofadeadman。Iinquiredifhiswifewoulddiewithhim；theyansweredYes，andpointedtothewoman。Shewasstandingbythepile，whichwasmadeoflargebilletsofwood，abouttwoandahalffeethigh，fourfeetlong，andtwowide，onthetopofwhichlaythedeadbodyofherhusband。Hernearestrelationstoodbyher，andnearherwasasmallbasketofsweetmeatscalledThioy。Iaskedthemifthiswasthewoman'schoice，orifshewerebroughttoitbyanyimproperinfluence？Theyansweredthatitwasperfectlyvoluntary。Italkedtillreasoningwasofnouse，andthenbegantoexclaimwithallmymightagainstwhattheyweredoing，tellingthemthatitwasashockingmurder。Theytoldmeitwasagreatactofholiness，andaddedinaverysurlymanner，thatifIdidnotliketoseeitI

mightgofartheroff，anddesiredmetogo。ItoldthemthatI

wouldnotgo，thatIwasdeterminedtostayandseethemurder，andthatIshouldcertainlybearwitnessofitatthetribunalofGod。I

exhortedthewomannottothrowawayherlife；tofearnothing，fornoevilwouldfollowherrefusaltoburn。Butsheinthemostcalmmannermountedthepile，anddancedonitwithherhandsextended，asifintheutmosttranquillityofspirit。Previoustohermountingthepiletherelation，whoseofficeitwastosetfiretothepile，ledhersixtimesroundit，attwointervals——thatis，thriceateachcircumambulation。Asshewentroundshescatteredthesweetmeatabovementionedamongthepeople，whopickeditupandateitasaveryholything。Thisbeingended，andshehavingmountedthepileanddancedasabovementioned(N。B——Thedancingonlyappearedtobetoshowushercontemptofdeath，andprovetousthatherdyingwasvoluntary)，shelaydownbythecorpse，andputonearmunderitsneckandtheotheroverit，whenaquantityofdrycocoa-leavesandothersubstanceswereheapedoverthemtoaconsiderableheight，andthenGhee，ormeltedpreservedbutter，pouredonthetop。Twobambooswerethenputoverthemandheldfastdown，andfireputtothepile，whichimmediatelyblazedveryfiercely，owingtothedryandcombustiblematerialsofwhichitwascomposed。Nosoonerwasthefirekindledthanallthepeoplesetupagreatshout——Hurree-Bol，Hurree-Bol，whichisacommonshoutofjoy，andaninvocationofHurree，orSeeb。Itwasimpossibletohaveheardthewomanhadshegroaned，orevencriedaloud，onaccountofthemadnoiseofthepeople，anditwasimpossibleforhertostirorstruggleonaccountofthebambooswhichwerehelddownonherliketheleversofapress。Wemademuchobjectiontotheirusingthesebamboos，andinsistedthatitwasusingforcetopreventthewomanfromgettingupwhenthefireburnedher。Buttheydeclaredthatitwasonlydonetokeepthepilefromfallingdown。Wecouldnotbeartoseemore，butleftthem，exclaimingloudlyagainstthemurder，andfullofhorroratwhatwehadseen。"InthesameletterCareycommunicatestheinformationhehadcollectedregardingtheJewsandSyrianChristiansoftheMalabarcoast。

Mr。G。Udnyhadnowfoundhisprivateindigoenterprisetobedisastrous。HeresolvedtogiveitupandretiretoEngland。

Thomashadlefthisfactory，andwasurginghiscolleaguetotrythesugartrade，whichatthattimemeantthedistillationofrum。

CareyrathertookoverfromMr。Udnytheout-factoryofKidderpore，twelvemilesdistant，andthereresolvedtoprepareforthearrivalofcolleagues，thecommunisticmissionarysettlementontheMoravianplan，whichhehadadvocatedinhisEnquiry。Mr。JohnFountainhadbeensentoutasthefirstreinforcement，butheprovedtobealmostasdangeroustotheinfantmissionfromhisoutspokenpoliticalradicalismasThomashadbeenfromhisdebts。CareyseriouslycontemplatedthesettingupofhismissioncentreamongtheBhooteas，soastobefreefromtheEastIndiaCompany。TheauthoritieswouldnotlicenseFountainashisassistant。Wouldtheyallowfuturemissionariestosettlewithhim？Wouldtheyalwaysrenewhisownlicence？Andwhatifhemustceasealtogethertoworkwithhishands，andgivehimselfwhollytotheworkofthemissionasseemednecessary？

Fournewcolleaguesandtheirfamilieswerealreadyonthesea，butGodhadprovidedabetterrefugeforHisservantstillthepublicconsciencewhichtheywereabouttoquickenandenlightenshouldcausethepersecutiontocease。

CHAPTERV

THENEWCRUSADE——SERAMPOREANDTHEBROTHERHOOD

1800

EffectsofthenewsinEnglandontheBaptists——Onthehomechurches——InthefoundationoftheLondonandotherMissionarySocieties——InScotland——InHollandandAmerica——Themissionaryhome——JoshuaMarshman，WilliamWard，andtwootherssentout——LandingattheIonaofSouthernAsia——MeetingofWardandCarey——Firstattempttoevangelisethenon-Aryanhilltribes——CareydrivenbyprovidencestoSerampore——DensepopulationofHooglidistrict——Adaptshiscommunisticplantothenewconditions——Purchaseoftheproperty——ConstitutionoftheBrotherhood——HisrelationstoMarshmanandWard——HannahMarshman，thefirstwomanmissionary——DailylifeoftheBrethren——FormofAgreement——Carey'sidealsystemofmissionaryadministrationrealisedforfifteenyears——SpiritualheroismoftheBrotherhood。

ThefirsttwoEnglishmissionariestoIndiaseemedtothosewhosentthemforthtohavedisappearedforever。Forfourteenmonths，inthosedaysofslowIndiamenandFrenchprivateers，notidingsoftheirwelfarereachedthepoorprayingpeopleofthemidlands，whohadbeenemboldenedtobegintheheroicenterprise。Theconvoy，whichhadseentheDanishvesselfairlybeyondtheFrenchcoast，hadbeenunabletobringbacklettersonaccountoftheweather。Atlast，onthe29thJuly1794，Fuller，thesecretary；Pearce，thebelovedpersonalfriendofCarey；RylandinBristol；andthecongregationatLeicester，receivedthejournalsofthevoyageandletterswhichtoldofthefirstsixweeks'experienceatBalasore，inCalcutta，Bandel，andNuddea，justbeforeCareyknewtheworstoftheirpecuniaryposition。Thecommitteeatoncemet。Theysang"withsacredjoy"whathaseversincebeenthejubileehymnofmissions，thatbyWilliamWilliams——

"O'erthosegloomyhillsofdarkness。"

They"returnedsolemnthankstotheeverlastingGodwhosemercyendurethforever，forhavingpreservedyoufromtheperilsofthesea，andhithertomadeyourwaysprosperous。Inreadingtheshortaccountofyourlabourswefeelsomethingofthatspiritspokenofintheprophet，'Thineheartshallfearandbeenlarged。'Wecordiallythankyouforyourassiduityinlearningthelanguages，intranslating，andineverylabourofloveinwhichyouhaveengaged。

UnderGodwecheerfullyconfideinyourwisdom，fidelity，andprudence，withrelationtotheseatofyourlaboursorthemeanstocarrythemintoeffect。Iftherebeoneplace，however，whichstrikesusasofmoreimportancethantherest，itisNuddea。ButyoumustfollowwheretheLordopensadoorforyou。"ThesamespiritofgenerousconfidencemarkedtherelationsofCareyandthecommitteesolongasFullerwassecretary。Whenthenewscamethatthemissionarieshadbecomeindigoplanters，someoftheweakerbrethren，estimatingCareybythemselves，sentoutamildwarningagainstseculartemptations，towhichhereturnedahalf-amusedandkindlyreply。JohnNewton，thentheagedrectorofSt。MaryWoolnoth，onbeingconsulted，reassuredthem："IftheheartbefiredwithazealforGodandlovetosouls，"hesaid，"suchattentiontobusinessascircumstancesrequirewillnothurtit。"SinceCarey，liketheMoravians，meantthatthemissionariesshouldliveuponacommonstock，andneverlayupmoney，theweakestmighthaverecognisedthePaul-likenobleness，whichhadmarkedallhislife，inrelinquishingthescantysalarythatitmightbeusedforothermissionstoAfricaandAsia。

ThespirituallawwhichDuff'ssuccessafterwardsledChalmerstoformulate，thattherelationofforeigntohomemissionsactsnotbyexhaustionbutbyfermentation，nowcametobeillustratedonagreatscale，andtoresultinthefoundationofthecatholicmissionaryenterpriseoftheevangelicalsofEngland，Scotland，Ireland，America，Germany，andFrance，whichhasmarkedthewholenineteenthcentury。WefinditfirstinFullerhimself。IncomfortingThomasduringhisextremestdejectionhequotedtohimfromhisownjournalof1789therecordofalongperiodofspiritualinactivity，whichcontinuedtillCareycompelledhimtojoininthemission。"BeforethisIdidlittlebutpineovermymisery，butsinceIhavebetakenmyselftogreateractivityforGod，mystrengthhasbeenrecoveredandmysoulreplenished。""Yourworkisagreatwork，andtheeyesofthereligiousworldareuponyou。

Yourundertaking，withthatofyourdearcolleague，hasprovokedmany。Thespiritofmissionsisgoneforth。IwishitmayneverstoptilltheGospelissentuntoalltheworld。"

FollowingthepietistFrancke，whoin1710publishedthefirstmissionaryreports，andalsotheMoravians，FullerandhiscoadjutorsissuedfromthepressofJ。W。MorrisatClipstone，towardstheendof1794，No。I。oftheirPeriodicalAccountsrelativetoaSocietyformedamongtheParticularBaptistsforPropagatingtheGospelamongtheHeathen。ThatcontainedanarrativeofthefoundationoftheSocietyandthelettersofCareyupto15thFebruary1794fromtheSoondarbans。SixoftheseAccountsappeareduptotheyear1800，whentheywerepublishedasonevolumewithanindexandillustrations。ThevolumecloseswithadoggereltranslationofoneofseveralGospelballadswhichCareyhadwritteninBengaliin1798。HehadthusearlybroughtintotheserviceofChristtheHindooloveofmusicalrecitative，whichwasrecentlyre-discovered——asitwere——andnowformsanimportantmodeofevangelisticworkwhenaccompaniedbynativemusicalinstruments。

TheoriginalhasacuriousinterestandvalueinthehistoryoftheBengalilanguage，asformedbyCarey。Astothemusichewrote：——"Wesometimeshaveamelodythatcheersmyheart，thoughitwouldbediscordantupontheearsofanEnglishman。"

SuchwastheimmediateactionoftheinfantBaptistSociety。ThemomentDr。RylandreadhisletterfromCareyhesentforDr。BogueandMr。Stephen，whohappenedtobeinBristol，torejoicewithhim。

ThethreereturnedthankstoGod，andthenBogueandStephen，callingonMr。Hey，aleadingminister，tookthefirststeptowardsthefoundationofasimilarorganisationofnon-Baptists，sinceknownastheLondonMissionarySociety。ImmediatelyBogue，theablePresbyterian，whohadpresidedoveratheologicalschoolatGosportfromwhichmissionarieswentforth，andwhorefusedthebestlivinginEdinburghwhenofferedtohimbyDundas，wrotehisaddress，whichappearedintheEvangelicalMagazineforSeptember，callingonthechurchestosendoutatleasttwentyorthirtymissionaries。Inthesermonofloftyeloquencewhichhepreachedtheyearafter，hedeclaredthatthemissionarymovementofthattimewouldformanepochinthehistoryofman，——"thetimewillbeeverrememberedbyus，andmayitbecelebratedbyfutureagesasthe苧aofChristianBenevolence。"

OnthesamedaytheRev。T。Haweis，rectorofAllSaints，Aldwinkle，referringtothehundredsofministerscollectedtodecidewherethefirstmissionshouldbesent，thusburstforth："MethinksIseethegreatAngeloftheCovenantinthemidstofus，pluminghiswings，andreadytoflythroughthemidstofheavenwithhisowneverlastingGospel，toeverynationandtribeandtongueandpeople。"InHindostan"ourbrethrentheBaptistshaveatpresentpreventedourwishes……thereisroomforathousandmissionaries，andIwishwemaybereadywithanumeroushostforthatoranyotherpartoftheearth。"

"Scotland10wasthenexttotakeupthechallengesentbyCarey。

GrevilleEwing，thenayoungministerofthekirkinEdinburgh，publishedinMarch1796theappealoftheEdinburghorScottishMissionarySociety，whichafterwardssentJohnWilsontoBombay，andthatwasfollowedbytheGlasgowSociety，towhichweowethemostsuccessfuloftheKafirmissionsinSouthAfrica。RobertHaldanesoldallthathehadwhenhereadthefirstnumberofthePeriodicalAccounts，andgave？5，000tosendaPresbyterianmissionofsixministersandlaymen，besideshimself，todofromBenareswhatCareyhadplannedfromMudnabati；butPittaswellasDundas，thoughhispersonalfriends，threatenedhimwiththeCompany'sintolerantActofParliament。EvangelicalministersoftheChurchofEnglandtooktheirproperplaceinthenewcrusade，andayearbeforetheeighteenthcenturyclosedtheyformedtheagency，whichhaseversincebeenintheforefrontofthehostoftheLordastheChurchMissionarySociety，withCarey'sfriend，ThomasScott，asitsfirstsecretary。ThesacredenthusiasmwascaughtbytheNetherlandsontheonesideundertheinfluenceofDr。VanderKemp，whohadstudiedatEdinburghUniversity，andbythedivinitystudentsofNewEngland，ofwhomAdoniramJudsonwaseventhenintrainingtoreceivefromCareytheapostolateofBurma。SoontootheBengaliBibletranslationsweretounitewiththeneedsoftheWelshathometoestablishtheBritishandForeignBibleSociety。

AsnewsofallthisreachedCareyamidhistroublesandyettriumphsoffaithintheswampsofDinajpoor，andwhenhelearnedthathewassoontobejoinedbyfourcolleagues，oneofwhomwasWardwhomhehimselfhadtrystedtoprinttheBengaliBibleforhim，hemightwellwrite，inJuly1799：——"ThesuccessoftheGospeland，amongotherthings，thehithertounextinguishablemissionaryflameinEnglandandallthewesternworld，giveusnolittleencouragementandanimateourhearts。"ToSutcliffhehadwritteneighteenmonthsbeforethat：——"Irejoicemuchatthemissionaryspiritwhichhaslatelygoneforth：surelyitisapreludetotheuniversalspreadoftheGospel！YouraccountoftheGermanMoravianBrethren'saffectionateregardtowardsmeisverypleasing。Iamnotmuchmovedbywhatmeningeneralsayofme；yetIcannotbeinsensibletotheregardsofmeneminentforgodliness……Stayingathomeisnowbecomesinfulinmanycases，andwillbecomesomoreandmore。Allgiftsshouldbeencouraged，andspreadabroad。"

Thedaywasbreakingnow。MenaswellasmoneywereofferedforCarey'swork。InScotlandespeciallyFullerfoundthathehadbuttoask，buttoappearinanyevangelicalpulpit，andhewouldreceivesumswhich，inthatdayofsmallthings，rebukedhislittlefaith。TillthelastScotlandwasloyaltoCareyandhiscolleagues，andwithalmostaprevisionofthishewrotesoearlyas1797：——"ItrejoicesmyheartmuchtohearofourbrethreninScotlandhavingsoliberallysetthemselvestoencouragethemission。"Theyapprovedofhisplans，andprayedforhimandhiswork。WhenFullercalledonCecilforhelp，the"churchy"

evangelicaltoldhimhehadapooropinionofallBaptistsexceptone，themanwhowroteTheGospelWorthyofAllAcceptation。Whenhelearnedthatitsauthorwasbeforehim，thehastyoffenderapologisedandofferedasubscription。"Notafarthing，sir！"wasthereply，"youdonotgiveinfaith；"butthepersistentCecilprevailed。Men，however，wereagreaterwantthanmoneyatthatearlystageofthemoderncrusade。ThomasandFountainhadeachbeenamistake。SoweretheearlyAfricanmissionaries，withtheexceptionofthefirstScotsman，PeterGreig。OfthethirtysentoutbytheLondonMissionarySocietyintheDuffonlyfourwerefitforordination，andnotonehasleftanameofmark。TheChurchMissioncontinuedtosendoutonlyGermanstill1815。InquicksuccessionfouryoungmenofferedthemselvestotheBaptistSocietytogooutasassistantstoCarey，inthehopethattheCompanywouldgivethemacovenanttoreside——BrunsdonandGrant，twoofRyland'sBristolflock；JoshuaMarshmanwithhiswifeHannahMarshman，andWilliamWardcalledbyCareyhimself。

InninemonthsFullerhadthemandtheirfamiliesshippedinanAmericanvessel，theCriterion，commandedbyCaptainWickes，aPresbyterianelderofPhiladelphia，whoeverafterpromotedthecauseintheUnitedStates。CharlesGranthelpedthemashewouldhaveaidedCareyalone。ThoughthemostinfluentialoftheCompany'sdirectors，hecouldnotobtainapassportforthem，buthegavethemtheverycounselwhichwastoprovidefortheyoungmissionitsarkofdefence："DonotlandatCalcuttabutatSerampore，andthere，undertheprotectionoftheDanishflag，arrangetojoinMr。Carey。"Afterfivemonths'prosperousvoyagethepartyreachedtheHoogli。BeforearrivingwithinthelimitsoftheportofCalcuttaCaptainWickessentthemoffintwoboatsundertheguidanceofaBengaliclerktoSerampore，fifteenmileshigherupontherightbankoftheriver。Theyhadagreedthatheshouldboldlyenterthem，notasassistantplanters，butasChristianmissionaries，rightlytrustingtoDanishprotection。CharlesGranthadadvisedthemwell，butitisnoteasynow，asinthecaseoftheirpredecessorsin1795andoftheirsuccessorsupto1813，torefrainfromindignationthattheBritishParliament，andthepartyledbyWilliamPitt，shouldhavesolonglentalltheweightoftheirpowertotheEastIndiaCompanyinthevainattempttokeepChristianityfromtheHindoos。Ward'sjournalthussimplytellsthestoryofthelandingofthemissionariesatthisIona，thisCanterburyofSouthernAsia：——

"Lord's-day，Oct。13，1799——BrotherBrunsdonandIsleptintheopenaironourchests。WearrivedatSeramporethismorningbydaylight，inhealthandprettygoodspirits。WeputupatMyerr's，aDanishtaverntowhichwehadbeenrecommended。Noworshipto-day。NothingbutaPortuguesechurchhere。

"Oct。14——Mr。ForsythfromCalcutta，missionarybelongingtotheLondonMissionarySociety，astonishedusbyhispresencethisafternoon。Hewaswhollyunknown，butsoonbecamewellknown。Hegaveusadealofinterestinginformation。HehadseenbrotherCarey，whoinvitedhimtohishouse，offeredhimtheassistanceofhisMoonshi，etc。

"Oct。16——TheCaptainhavingbeenatCalcuttacameandinformedusthathisshipcouldnotbeenteredunlesswemadeourappearance。

BrotherBrunsdonandIwenttoCalcutta，andthenextdaywewereinformedthattheshiphadobtainedanentrance，onconditionthatweappearedatthePoliceOffice，orwouldcontinueatSerampore。

Allthingsconsideredwepreferredthelatter，tillthearrivalofourfriendsfromKidderporetowhomwehadaddressedletters。

CaptainWickescalledonRev。Mr。Brown，whoverykindlyofferedtodoanythingforusinhispower。OurInstructionswithrespecttoourconducttowardsCivilGovernmentwerereadtohim。HepromisedtocallatthePoliceOfficeafterwards，andtoinformtheMasterthatweintendedtostayatSerampore，tillwehadleavetogoupthecountry。CaptainWickescalledattheofficeafterwards，andtheyseemedquitesatisfiedwithourdeclarationbyhim。IntheafternoonwewenttoSerampore。

"Oct。19——IaddressedalettertotheGovernorto-daybegginghisacceptanceofthelastnumberofourPeriodicalAccounts，andinforminghimthatweproposedhavingworshipto-morrowinourownhouse，fromwhichwedidnotwishtoexcludeanyperson。

"Lord's-day，Oct。20——ThismorningtheGovernorsenttoinquirethehoursofourworship。Abouthalf-pasttenhecametoourhousewithanumberofgentlemenandtheirretinue。IpreachedfromActsxx。

24。WehadaveryattentivecongregationofEuropeans：severalappearedaffected，amongwhomwastheGovernor。"

ThetextwaswellchosenfromPaul'swordstotheeldersofEphesus，asheturnedhisfacetowardsthebondsandafflictionsthatawaitedhim——"Butnoneofthesethingsmoveme，neithercountImylifedearuntomyself，sothatImightfinishmycoursewithjoy，andtheministrywhichIhavereceivedoftheLordJesus，totestifythegospelofthegraceofGod。"ItprovedtobeahistoryofthethreementhenceforthbestknownastheSeramporeMissionaries。Ward，too，theliterarymemberofthemission，composedthehymnwhichthusconcluded：——

"Yes，wearesafebeneathThyshade，Andshallbeso'midstIndia'sheat：

Whatshouldamissionarydread，FordevilscrouchatJesus'feet。

"There，sweetestSaviour！letThycrossWinmanyHindooheartstoThee；

Thisshallmakeupforeveryloss，WhileThouartourseternally。"

InhisfirstlettertoafriendinHullWardusedlanguagewhichunconsciouslypredictedthefutureofthemission：——"WithaBibleandapressposteritywillseethatamissionarywillnotlabourinvain，eveninIndia。"Butoneoftheirnumber，Grant，wasmeanwhileremovedbydeath，and，whiletheywaitedforamonth，CareyfailedtoobtainleaveforthemtosettleashisassistantsinBritishterritory。HehadappealedtoMr。Brown，andtoDr。Roxburgh，hisfriendinchargeoftheBotanicGarden，tousehisinfluencewiththeGovernmentthroughColebrooke，theOrientalscholar，thenhighintheservice。Butitwasinvain。ThepolicehadseenwithannoyancethemissionariesslipfromtheirgraspbecauseoftheliberalityoftheGovernor-GeneralofwhomCareyhadwrittentoRylandayearbefore："AtCalcutta，Isawmuchdissipation；butyetIthinklessthanformerly。LordMorningtonhassethisfaceagainstsports，gaming，horse-racing，andworkingontheLord's-day；

inconsequenceofwhichtheseinfamouspracticesarelesscommonthanformerly。"Themissionaries，too，hadatfirstbeenreportednotasBaptistbutas"Papist，"andtheemissariesofFrance，believedtobeeverywhere，mustbewatchedagainst。ThebravelittleGovernorletitbeunderstoodthathewouldprotecttothelastthemenwhohadbeencommittedtohiscarebytheDanishconsulinLondon。SoWardobtainedaDanishpassporttoenablehimtovisitDinapoorandconsultwithCarey。

ItwasSundaymorningwhenheapproachedtheMudnabatifactory，"feelingveryunusualsensations，"greatlyexcited。"AtlengthIsawCarey！HeislessalteredthanIexpected：hasrathermorefleshthanwheninEngland，and，blessedbeGod！heisayoungmanstill。"

Itwasawrenchtosacrificehisownpioneermission，propertyworth？00，theschool，thechurch，theinquirers，buthedidnothesitate。Hethusstatedthecaseontheotherside：——"AtSeramporewemaysettleasmissionaries，whichisnotallowhere；andthegreatendsofthemission，particularlytheprintingoftheScriptures，seemmuchmorelikelytobeansweredinthatsituationthaninthis。TherealsobrotherWardcanhavetheinspectionofthepress；whereashereweshouldbedeprivedofhisimportantassistance。Inthatpartofthecountrytheinhabitantsarefarmorenumerousthaninthis；andothermissionariesmaytherebepermittedtojoinus，whichhereitseemstheywillnot。"Onthewaydown，duringavisittotheRajmahalHills，roundwhichthegreatGangessweeps，CareyandWardmadethefirstattempttoevangelisetheSantalandothersimpleaboriginaltribes，whomtheofficialsBrownandClevelandhadpartlytamed。ThePaharisaredescribed，atthattime，aswithoutcaste，priests，orpublicreligion，aslivingonIndiancornandbyhunting，forwhichtheycarrybowsandarrows。"BrotherCareywasabletoconversewiththem。"Again，Ward'scommentontheBengaliservicesonthenextSunday，fromtheboats，is"thecommonsortwonderhowbrotherCareycanknowsomuchoftheShasters。""Ilong，"wroteCareyfromthespottohisnewcolleagues，"tostayhereandtellthesesocialanduntutoredheathenthegoodnewsfromheaven。IhaveastrongpersuasionthatthedoctrineofadyingSaviourwould，undertheHolySpirit'sinfluence，melttheirhearts。"FromTaljheriandPokhuria，nearthatplace，toParisnath，Ranchi，andOrissa，thousandsofSantalsandKolshavesincebeengatheredintothekingdom。

Onthe10thJanuary1800CareytookuphisresidenceatSerampore，onthe11thhewaspresentedtotheGovernor，and"hewentoutandpreachedtothenatives。"Hisapprenticeshipwasover；sobeganhisfullapostolate，instantinseasonandoutofseason，toendonlywithhislifethirty-fouryearsafter。

Thusstepbystep，byawaythatheknewnot，theshoemakerlad——whohadeducatedhimselftocarrytheGospeltoTahiti，hadbeensenttoBengalinspiteoftheCompanywhichcasthimoutoftheirship，hadstarvedinCalcutta，hadbuilthimawoodenhutinthejunglesoftheDelta，hadbecomeindigoplanterintheswampsofDinapoorthathemightpreachChristwithoutinterference，hadbeenforcedtothinkofseekingtheprotectionofaBuddhistintheHimalayamorass——wasdriventobeginanewintheveryheartofthemostdenselypeopledpartoftheBritishEmpire，underthejealouscareoftheforeignEuropeanpowerwhichhadacenturybeforesentmissionariestoTranquebarandtaughtZinzendorfandtheMoraviansthedivinelawofthekingdom；encouragedbyaGovernor，ColonelBie，whowashimselfadiscipleofSchwartz。Tocompletethiscatalogueofspecialprovidenceswemayaddthat，ifFullerhaddelayedonlyalittlelonger，evenSeramporewouldhavebeenfoundshutagainstthemissionaries。Fortheyearafter，whenNapoleon'sactshaddrivenustowarwithDenmark，adetachmentofBritishtroops，underLordMinto'sson，tookpossessionofFredericksnagore，asSeramporewasofficiallycalled，andoftheDanishEastIndiaCompany'sshipthere，withoutopposition。

ThedistrictorcountyofHoogliandHowrah，oppositeCalcuttaandBarrackpore，ofwhichSeramporeisthecentralport，swarmswithapopulation，chieflyHindoobutpartlyMussulman，unmatchedfordensityinanyotherpartoftheworld。If，afteryearsofadecimatingfever，eachofits1701squaremilesstillsupportsnearlyathousandhumanbeingsordoubletheproportionofBelgium，wecannotbelievethatitwasmuchlessdenseatthebeginningofthecentury。FromHowrah，theSurreysideofCalcutta，uptoHooglithecountytown，thehighridgeofmudbetweentheriverandtheoldchanneloftheGangestothewest，hasattractedthewealthiestandmostintellectuallyactiveofalltheBengalees。HenceitwasherethatPortugueseandDutch，FrenchandEnglish，andDanishplantedtheirearlyfactories。ThelasttoobtainasiteoftwentyacresfromthemoribundMussulmanGovernmentatMoorshedabadwasDenmark，twoyearsbeforePlassey。InthehalfcenturythehutofthefirstGovernorsentfromTranquebarhadgrownintothe"beautifullittletown"whichdelightedthefirstBaptistmissionaries。Itsinhabitants，underonlyBritishadministrationsince1845，nownumber45，000。Thentheyweremuchfewer，butthenevenmorethannowthetownwasacentreoftheVishnoo-worshipofJagganath，secondonlytothatofPooreeinallIndia。Notfaroff，andnowconnectedwiththeportbyrailway，isthefoulshrineofTarakeswar，whichattractsthousandsofpilgrims，manyofthemwidows，whomeasuretheroadwiththeirprostratebodiesdrippingfromthebath。CommerciallySeramporesometimesdistancedCalcuttaitself，foralltheforeignEuropeantradewascentredinitduringtheAmericanandFrenchwars，andtheEnglishciviliansuseditsinvestmentsasthebestmeansofremittingtheirsavingshome。WhenthemissionarieslandedtherewasnothingbutaPortugueseCatholicchurchinthesettlement，andtheGovernorwasraisingsubscriptionsforthatprettybuildinginwhichCareypreachedtillhedied，andthespireofwhichtheGovernor-GeneralissaidtohaveerectedtoimprovetheviewofthetownfromthewindowsofhissummerpalaceatBarrackporeopposite。

【推荐阅读】幽幽深宫，醒来一梦似千年，重生于下堂妃身躯中的她，将如何手刃仇人? 点击阅读