HughWaddellandhisrangers，besidesservingwithdistinctionintheIndianwar，hadtakenpartinthecaptureofFortDuquesne。

Thisfeathadbeenaccomplishedin1758byanexpeditionunderGeneralForbes。Thetroopsmadeaterriblemarchoveranewroute，cuttingaroadastheywent。ItwasNovemberwhentheyapproachedtheirobjective。ThewastesofsnowandtheirdiminishedsuppliescausedsuchdepressionamongthementhattheofficerscalledahalttodiscusswhetherornottoproceedtowardFortDuquesne，wheretheybelievedtheFrenchtobeconcentratedinforce。ExtravagantsumsinguineaswerenamedassuitablerewardforanymanwhowouldstalkandcatchaFrenchIndianandlearnfromhimtherealconditionsinsidethefort。

Thehonor，ifnottheguineas，felltoJohnRogers，oneofWaddell’srangers。FromtheIndianitwaslearnedthattheFrenchhadalreadygone，leavingbehindonlyafewoftheirnumber。AstheEnglishdrewnear，theyfoundthatthegarrisonhadblownupthemagazine，setfiretothefort，andmadeoff。

Thus，whileNewFrancewasalreadytottering，butnearlytwoyearsbeforethefinalcapitulationatMontreal，theEnglishagainbecamemastersoftheOhioCompany’sland——mastersoftheForksoftheOhio。Thistimetheyweretheretostay。WherethewallsofFortDuquesnehadcrumbledinthefireFortPittwastorise，proudlybearingthenameofEngland’sGreatCommonerwhohaddirectedEnglisharmstovictoryonthreecontinents。

WithFranceexpelledandtheIndiansdeprivedoftheirwhiteallies，thewestwardpathlayopentothepioneers，eventhoughtheredmanhimselfwouldriseagainandagaininvainendeavortobartheway。Soanewerabegins，theeraofexplorationfordefinitepurpose，theeraofcommonwealthbuilding。Inenteringonit，wepartwiththeearliestpioneer——thetrader，whofirstopenedtheroadforboththelonehomeseekerandthegreatlandcompany。Hedwindlesnowtothemerebartererandso——saveforafewchanceglimpses——slipsoutofsight，forhisbravedaysasImperialScoutaredone。

ChapterV。Boone，TheWandererWhatthoughtsfilledDanielBoone’smindashewasreturningfromBraddock’sdisastrouscampaignin1755wemayonlyconjecture。

Perhapshewasplanningacareerofsoldiering，forinlateryearshewastodistinguishhimselfasafrontiercommanderinbothdefenseandattack。Oritmaybethathisheartwasfullofthewondroustalestoldhimbythetrader，JohnFindlay，ofthatHunter’sCanaan，Kentucky，wherebuffaloanddeerroamedinthousands。Perhapshemeanttosetouterelonginsearchofthegreatadventureofhisdreams，despitetheterribledangersoftrailmakingacrossthezonesofwarintotheunknown。

Howeverthatmaybe，BoonestraightwayfollowedneitherofthesepossibleplansonhisreturntotheYadkinbuthaltedforadifferentadventure。There，arifleshot’sdistancefromhisthreshold，wasofferedhimtheoldestandsweetestofallhazardstothedaring。Hewastwenty-two，strongandcomelyandawholeman；andthereforehewasinnomindtorefusewhatlifeheldouttohiminthepersonofRebeccaBryan。RebeccawasthedaughterofJosephBryan，whohadcometotheYadkinfromPennsylvaniasometimebeforetheBoones；andshewasinherseventeenthyear。

Writersofanearlierandmoresentimentalperiodthanourshaveendeavoredtosupply，fromthesaccharinestoresoftheirfancy，theromanticepisodesconnectedwithBoone’swooingwhichhistoryhasomittedtorecord。Hencethetalethattheyounghunter，walkingabroadinthespringgloaming，sawMistressRebecca’slargedarkeyesshiningintheduskoftheforest，mistookthemforadeer’seyesandshot——hisaimonthisoccasionfortunatelybeingbad！ButifBoone’sriflewasmissingitsmarkattenpaces，Cupid’sdartwasspeedinghome。Sorunsthestoryconcoctedahundredyearslaterbysomegentlescribeignorantalikeofgameseasons，thehabitsofhunters，andthewayofamanwithamaidinaprimitiveworld。

DanielandRebeccaweremarriedinthespringof1756。SquireBoone，inhiscapacityasjusticeofthepeace，tiedtheknot；

andinasmallcabinbuiltuponhisspaciouslandstheyoungcouplesetuphousekeeping。HereDaniel’sfirsttwosonswereborn。Inthethirdyearofhismarriage，whenthesecondchildwasababeinarms，DanielremovedwithhiswifeandtheiryoungandpreciousfamilytoCulpeperCountyineasternVirginia，fortheborderwasgoingthroughitsdarkestdaysoftheFrenchandIndianWar。DuringthenexttwoorthreeyearswefindhiminVirginiaengagedasawagoner，haulingtobaccoinseason；butbackontheborderwithhisrifle，aftertheharvest，aidingindefenseagainsttheIndians。In1759hepurchasedfromhisfatheralotonSugarTreeCreek，atributaryofDutchman’sCreek（DavieCounty，NorthCarolina）andbuiltthereonacabinforhimself。

Thedatewhenhebroughthiswifeandchildrentoliveintheirnewabodeontheborderisnotrecorded。ItwasprobablysometimeafterthecloseoftheIndianWar。OfBoonehimselfduringtheseyearswehavebutscantinformation。WehearofhimagaininVirginiaandalsoasamemberofthepack-horsecaravanwhichbroughtintotheBackCountrythevariousnecessariesforthesettlers。Weknow，too，thatinthefallof1760hewasonalonehuntingtripinthemountainswestoftheYadkin；foruntilafewyearsagotheremightbeseen，stillstandingonthebanksofBoone’sCreek（asmalltributaryoftheWatauga）ineasternTennessee，atreebearingthelegend，"DBooncilledABARonthistree1760。"Boonewasalwaysfondofcarvinghisexploitsontrees，andhiswanderingshavebeentracedlargelybyhisarborealpublications。Inthenextyear（1761）hewentwithWaddell’srangerswhentheymarchedwiththearmytothefinalsubjugationoftheCherokee。

ThatBooneandhisfamilywerebackontheborderinthenewcabinshortlyaftertheendofthewar，wegatherfromthefactthatin1764hetookhislittlesonJames，agedseven，ononeofhislonghuntingexcursions。Fromthistimedatestheintimatecomradeshipoffatherandsonthroughalltheperilsofthewilderness，acomradeshiptocometoitstragicendtenyearslaterwhen，asweshallsee，theseventeen-year-oldladfellundertheredman’stomahawkashisfatherwasleadingthefirstsettlerstowardsKentucky。Inthecoldnightsoftheopencamp，asDanielandJameslayunderthefrostystars，thefatherkepttheboywarmsnuggledtohisbreastunderthebroadflapofhishuntingshirt。Sometimesthetwowereawayfromhomeformonthstogether，andDanieldeclaredlittleJamestobeasgoodawoodsmanashisfather。

MeanwhilefascinatingaccountsofthenewlandofFlorida，cededtoBritainbytheTreatyofParisin1763，hadleakedintotheBackCountry；andinthewinterof1765Boonesetoffsouthwardonhorsebackwith，sevencompanions。ColonelJamesGrant，withwhosearmyBoonehadfoughtin1761，hadbeenappointedGovernorofthenewcolonyandwasofferinggenerousinducementstosettlers。ThepartytraveledalongthebordersofSouthCarolinaandGeorgia。NodoubttheymadethegreaterpartoftheirwayovertheoldTraders’Trace，the"whitened"warpath；andtheysufferedseverehardships。Gamebecamescarcerastheyproceeded。

OncetheywerenightoperishingofstarvationandweresavedfromthatfateonlythroughchancemeetingwithabandofIndianswho，seeingtheirplight，madecampandsharedtheirfoodwiththem——accordingtotheIndiancodeintimeofpeace。

Boone’spartyexploredFloridafromSt。AugustinetoPensacola，andDanielbecamesufficientlyenamoredofthetropicalsouthtopurchasetherelandandahouse。Hiswife，however，wasunwillingtogotoFlorida，andshewasnotlonginconvincingthehunterthathewouldsoontireofagamelesscountry。Agamelesscountry！Perhapsthiswastheverythoughtwhichturnedthewanderer’sdesiresagaintowardsthelandofKentucky。*Thesilencingoftheenemy’swhisperintheCherokeecampshadopenedtheborderforestsoncemoretothenomadicrifleman。Boonewasnotaloneinthedesiretoseekoutwhatlaybeyond。Hisbrother-in-law，JohnStewart，andanephewbymarriage，BenjaminCutbirth，orCutbird，withtwootheryoungmen，JohnBakerandJamesWard，in1766crossedtheAppalachianMountains，probablybystumblingupontheIndiantrailwindingfrombasetosummitandfrompeaktobaseagainoverthispartofthegreathillbarrier。TheyeventuallyreachedtheMississippiRiverand，havingtakenagoodquantityofpeltryontheway，theylauncheduponthestreamandcameintimetoNewOrleans，wheretheymadeasatisfactorytradeoftheirfurs。

*Kentucky，fromKen-ta-ke，anIroquoiswordmeaning"theplaceofoldfields。"Adaircallstheterritory"theoldfields。"TheIndiansapparentlyusedtheword"old，"aswedoinasenseofendearmentandpossessionaswellasrelativetoage。

Boonewasfiredanewbydescriptionsofthissuccessfulfeat，inwhichtwoofhiskinsmenhadparticipated。Hecouldnolongerbeheldback。HemustfindthemagicdoorthatledthroughthevastmountainwallintoKentucky——Kentucky，withitsgreenprairieswherethebuffaloanddeerwereas"tenthousandthousandcattlefeeding"inthewilds，andwherethebalmyairvibratedwiththemusicofinnumerablewings。

Accordingly，intheautumnof1767，Boonebeganhisquestofthedelectablecountryinthecompanyofhisfriend，WilliamHill，whohadbeenwithhiminFlorida。Autumnwastheseasonofdepartureonallforestexcursions，becausebythattimethesummercropshadbeengatheredinandthedayofthedeerhadcome。Byhunting，theexplorersmustfeedthemselvesontheirtravelsandwithdeerskinsandfurstheymustontheirreturnrecompensethosewhohadsuppliedtheiroutfit。Boone，theincessantbutnotalwaysluckywanderer，wasintheseyearseverindebtforanoutfit。

BooneandHillmadetheirwayovertheBlueRidgeandtheAlleghaniesandcrossedtheHolstonandClinchrivers。ThentheycameuponthewestforkoftheBigSandyand，believingthatitwouldleadthemtotheOhio，theycontinuedforatleastahundredmilestothewestward。Heretheyfoundabuffalotrace，oneofthemanybeatenoutbytheherdsintheirpassagetothesaltsprings，andtheyfolloweditintowhatisnowFloydCountyineasternKentucky。ButthiswasnottheprairielanddescribedbyFindlay；itwasroughandhillyandsoovergrownwithlaurelastobealmostimpenetrable。Theythereforewendedtheirwaybacktowardstheriver，doubtlesserectedtheusualhunter’scampofskinsorblanketsandbranches，andspentthewinterinhuntingandtrapping。SpringfoundthemreturningtotheirhomesontheYadkinwithafairwinter’shaul。

SuchurgentdesireasBoone’s，however，wasnottobedefeated。

Thenextyearbroughthimhisgreatopportunity。JohnFindlaycametotheYadkinwithahorsepackofneedlesandlinenandpeddler’swarestotempttheslimpursesoftheBackCountryfolk。Thetwoerstwhilecomradesinarmswereoverjoyedtoencountereachotheragain，andFindlayspentthewinterof1768-69inBoone’scabin。Whilethesnowlaydeepoutsideandgood-smellinglogscrackledonthehearth，theyplannedanexpeditionintoKentuckythroughtheGapwhereVirginia，Tennessee，andKentuckytouchoneanother，whichFindlayfeltconfidenthecouldfind。Findlayhadlearnedofthisroutefromcross-mountaintradersin1753，whenhehaddescendedtheOhiotothesiteofLouisville，whencehehadgonewithsomeShawanoesasaprisonertotheirtownofEs-kip-pa-ki-thi-kiorBlueLicks。*

*Hanna，"TheWildernessTrail，"vol。II，pp。215-16。

OnthefirstdayofMay，1769，BooneandFindlay，accompaniedbyJohnStewartandthreeotherventuresomespirits，JosephHolden，JamesMooney，andWilliamCooley，tookhorseforthefabledland。

PassingthroughtheCumberlandGap，theybuilttheirfirstcampinKentuckyontheRedLickforkofStationCampCreek。

Thiscampwastheirbaseofoperations。Fromit，usuallyincouples，weinfer，theexplorersbranchedouttohuntandtotaketheirobservationsofthecountry。Herealsotheypreparedthedeerandbuffalomeatforthewinter，driedorsmokedthegeesetheyshotinsuperabundance，madethetallowandoilneededtokeeptheirweaponsintrim，theirleathersoft，andtheirkitswaterproof。TheirfirstillluckbefelltheminDecemberwhenBooneandStewartwerecapturedbyabandofShawanoeswhowerereturningfromtheirautumnhuntonGreenRiver。TheIndianscompelledthetwowhitementoshowthemthelocationoftheircamp，tookpossessionofallitcontainedinskinsandfursandalsohelpedthemselvestothehorses。Theylefttheexplorerswithjustenoughmeatandammunitiontoprovidefortheirjourneyhomeward，andtoldthemtodepartandnottointrudeagainontheredmen’shuntinggrounds。Havinggiventhispointedwarning，theShawanoesrodeonnorthwardtowardstheirtownsbeyondtheOhio。

Onfoot，swiftlyandcraftily，Booneandhisbrother-in-lawtrailedthebandfortwodays。Theycameuponthecampindeadofnight，recapturedtheirhorses，andfled。ButthiswasagameinwhichtheIndiansthemselvesexcelled，andatthisdatetheShawanoeshadanadvantageoverBooneintheirthoroughknowledgeoftheterritory；sothatwithinfortyeighthoursthewhitemenwereoncemoreprisoners。AftertheyhadamusedthemselvesbymakingBoonecaperaboutwithahorsebellonhisneck，whiletheyjeeredathiminbrokenEnglish，"Stealhorse，eh？"theShawanoesturnednorthagain，thistimetakingthetwounfortunatehunterswiththem。BooneandStewartescaped，onedayonthemarch，byaplungeintothethicktallcanebrake。ThoughtheIndiansdidnotattempttofollowthemthroughthemazesofthecane，thesituationofthetwohunters，withoutweaponsorfood，wasseriousenough。WhentheyfoundStationCampdesertedandrealizedthattheirfourcompanionshadgiventhemupfordeadorlostandhadsetoffonthetrailforhome，evensuchintrepidsoulsastheirsmayhavefeltfear。TheyracedoninpursuitandfortunatelyfellinnotonlywiththeirpartybutwithSquireBoone，Daniel’sbrother，andAlexanderNeely，whohadbroughtinfreshsuppliesofrifles，ammunition，flour，andhorses。

Afterthisluckyencounterthegroupseparated。Findlaywasill，andHolden，Mooney，andCooleyhadhadtheirfillofKentucky；

butSquire，Neely，Stewart，andDanielwerereadyformoreadventures。Daniel，too，feltunderthepositivenecessityofputtinginanotheryearathuntingandtrappinginordertodischargehisdebtsandprovideforhisfamily。NearthemouthofRedRiverthenewpartybuilttheirstationcamp。Here，inidlehours，Neelyreadaloudfromacopyof"Gulliver’sTravels"toentertainthehunterswhiletheydressedtheirdeerskinsortinkeredtheirweapons。Inhonorofthe"Lorbrulgrud"ofthebook，thoughwithapronunciationalltheirown，theychristenedthenearestcreek；andas"LulbegrudCreek"itisstillknown。

BeforetheendofthewinterthetwoBooneswerealoneinthewilderness。Theirbrother-in-law，Stewart，haddisappeared；andNeely，discouragedbythistragicevent，hadreturnedtotheYadkin。InMay，SquireBoonefaredforth，takingwithhimtheseason’scatchofbeaver，otter，anddeerskinstoexchangeintheNorthCaroliniantradinghousesformoresupplies；andDanielwasleftsolitaryinKentucky。

NowfollowedthoselonelyexplorationswhichgaveDanielBoonehisspecialfameaboveallKentucky’spioneers。HewasbynomeansthefirstwhitemantoenterKentucky；andwhenhedidenter，itwasasoneofaparty，underanotherman’sguidance——ifweexcepthisformerdisappointingjourneyintothelaurelthicketsofFloydCounty。Buttheseothers，barringStewart，whofellthere，turnedbackwhentheymetwithlossandhardshipandmeasuredthecertainrisksagainstthepossiblegains。Boone，themanofimagination，turnedtowildearthastohiskin。Hisgeniuslayinthesenseofonenesshefeltwithhiswildernessenvironment。Aninstincthehadwhichtheseothermen，ascourageousperhapsashe，didnotpossess。

Neverinallthetimeswhenhewasaloneinthewoodsandhadnootherman’ssafetyorcounseltoconsider，didhesufferillfortune。ThenearestapproachtotroublethatbefellhimwhenaloneoccurredonedayduringthissummerwhensomeIndiansemergedfromtheirgreenshelterandfoundhim，offguardforthemoment，standingonacliffgazingwithraptureoverthevastrollingstretchesofKentucky。Hewasapparentlycutofffromescape，forthesavageswereonthreesides，advancingwithouthastetotakehim，meanwhilegreetinghimwithmockamity。OverthecliffleapedBooneandintotheoutspreadarmsofafriendlymaple，whosetopbloomedgreenaboutsixtyfeetbelowthecliff’srim，andlefthiswould-becaptorsontheheightabove，gruntingtheiramazement。

DuringthissummerBoonejourneyedthroughthevalleysoftheKentuckyandtheLicking。HefollowedthebuffalotracestothetwoBlueLicksandsawtheenormousherdslickingupthesaltearth，adarklyruddymovingmassofbeastswhosenumberscouldnotbecounted。FormanymileshewoundalongtheOhio，asfarastheFalls。HealsofoundtheBigBoneLickwithitsmammothfossils。

InJuly，1770，DanielreturnedtotheRedRivercampandtheremetSquireBoonewithanotherpackofsupplies。Thetwobrotherscontinuedtheirhuntingandexplorationtogetherforsomemonths，chieflyinJessamineCounty，wheretwocavesstillbearBoone’sname。InthatwintertheyevenbravedtheGreenRiverground，whencehadcomethehuntingShawanoeswhohadtakenDaniel’sfirstfruitsayearbefore。Inthesameyear（1770）therehadcomeintoKentuckyfromtheYadkinanotherpartyofhunters，called，fromtheirlengthysojourninthetwilightzone，theLongHunters。Oneofthese，GasperMansker，afterwardsrelatedhowtheLongHunterswerestartledonedaybyhearingsoundssuchasnobuffaloorturkeyevermade，andhowManskerhimselfstolesilentlyundercoverofthetreestowardstheplacewhencethestrangenoisescame，anddescriedDanielBooneproneonhisbackwithadeerskinunderhim，hisfamoustallblackhatbesidehimandhismouthopenedwideinjoyousbutapparentlynonetootunefulsong。Thisincidentgivesatruecharactertouch。Itisnotrecordedofanyofthemenwhoturnedbackthattheysangaloneinthewilderness。

InMarch，1771，thetwoBoonesstartedhomeward，theirhorsesbearingtherichharvestoffursanddeerskinswhichwastoclearDanielofdebtandtoinsurethecomfortofthefamilyhehadnotseenfortwoyears。Butagainevilfortunemetthem，thistimeintheverygates——forintheCumberlandGaptheyweresuddenlysurroundedbyIndianswhotookeverythingfromthem，leavingthemneithergunsnorhorses。

ChapterVI。TheFightForKentuckyWhenBoonereturnedhomehefoundtheBackCountryofNorthCarolinainthethroesoftheRegulationMovement。Thismovement，whichhadarisenfirstfromthecolonists’needtopolicetheirsettlements，hadmorerecentlyassumedapoliticalcharacter。TheRegulatorswerenowinconflictwiththeauthorities，becausethefrontierfolkweresufferingthroughexcessivetaxes，extortionatefees，dishonestlandtitles，andthecorruptionofthecourts。InMay，1771，theconflictlostitsquasi-civilnature。TheRegulatorsresortedtoarmsandweredefeatedbytheforcesunderGovernorTryonintheBattleoftheAlamance。

TheRegulationMovement，whichweshallfollowinmoredetailfurtheron，wasaculminationofthosecausesofunrestwhichturnedmenwestward。ToescapefromoppressionandtoacquirelandbeyondtheboundsoftyrannybecametheearnestdesireofindependentspiritsthroughouttheBackCountry。ButtherewasanotherandmorepotentreasonwhythecountryeastofthemountainsnolongercontentedBoone。HuntingandtrappingwereBoone’schiefmeansoflivelihood。Inthosedays，deerskinssoldforadollaraskintothetradersattheForksorinHillsborough；beaveratabouttwodollarsandahalf，andotteratfromthreetofivedollars。Apack-horsecouldcarryaloadofonehundreddresseddeerskins，and，ascurrencywasscarce，ahundreddollarswaswealth。GamewasfastdisappearingfromtheYadkin。ToBooneaboveallmen，then，Kentuckybeckoned。Whenhereturnedinthespringof1771fromhisexplorations，itwaswiththeresolvetotakehisfamilyatonceintothegreatgamecountryandtopersuadesomeofhisfriendstojoininthishazardofnewfortunes。

Theperilsofsuchaventure，onlyconjecturaltousatthisdistance，heknewwell；butinhimtherewasnothingthatshrankfromdanger，thoughhedidnotcourtitaftertherashmannerofmanyofhiscompeers。Neitherrecklessnorriotous，Boonewasneverfoundamongthosewhoopposedviolencetoauthority，evenunjustauthority；norwasheeverguiltyofthesavagerywhichcharacterizedmuchoftheretaliatorywarfareofthatperiodwhenfrenziedwhitemenbetteredtheredman’sinstruction。Inhim，couragewasilluminedwithtendernessandmadeequablebyself-control。Yet，thoughhewasnofieryzealotliketheUlstermenwhoweretofollowhimalongthepathhehadmadeandwholovedandreveredhimperhapsbecausehewassodifferentfromthemselves，Booneneverthelesshadhisownreligion。ItwasasimplefaithbestsummedupperhapsbyhimselfinhisoldagewhenhesaidthathehadbeenonlyaninstrumentinthehandofGodtoopenthewildernesstosettlement。

TwoyearspassedbeforeBoonecouldmusteracompanyofcolonistsforthedangerousanddelectableland。ThedishonestypracticedbyLordGranville’sagentsinthematterofdeedshadmadeitdifficultforDanielandhisfriendstodisposeoftheiracreage。

Whenatlastinthespringof1773theWandererwaspreparedtodepart，hewasagaindelayed；thistimebythearrivalofalittlesontowhomwasgiventhenameofJohn。BySeptember，however，eventhislatestadditiontothepartywasreadyfortravel；andthatmonthsawtheBooneswithasmallcaravanoffamiliesjourneyingtowardsPowell’sValley，whencetheWarrior’sPathtookitswaythroughCumberlandGap。AtthispointonthemarchtheyweretobejoinedbyWilliamRussell，afamouspioneer，fromtheClinchRiver，withhisfamilyandafewneighbors，andbysomeofRebeccaBoone’skinsmen，theBryans，fromthelowerYadkin，withacompanyoffortymen。

OfRebeccaBoonehistorytellsustoolittle——onlythatshewasbornaBryan，wasoflowstatureanddarkeyed，thatsheboreherhusbandtenchildren，andlivedbesidehimtooldage。Exceptonhishuntsandexplorations，shewentwithhimfromonecabinedhometoanother，alwaysdeeperintothewilds。Therearenoportraitsofher。WecanseeheronlyasashadowyfiguremovingalongthewildernesstrailsbesidethemanwhoacceptedhisdestinyofGodtobeaway-showerforthoseoflesserfaith。

"HetiresnotforeveronhisleaguesofmarchBecauseherfeetaresettohisfootprints，Andthegleamofherbarehandslantsacrosshisshoulder。"

BoonehaltedhiscompanyonWaldenMountainoverPowell’sValleytoawaittheBryancontingentanddispatchedtwoyoungmenundertheleadershipofhissonJames，theninhisseventeenthyear，tonotifyRusselloftheparty’sarrival。AstheboyswerereturningwithRussell’sson，alsoastripling，twoofhisslaves，andsomewhitelaborers，theymissedthepathandwentintocampforthenight。Whendawnbroke，disclosingthesleepers，asmallwarbandofShawanoes，whohadbeenspyingonBooneandhisparty，felluponthemandslaughteredthem。OnlyoneofRussell’sslavesandalaborerescaped。Thetragedyseemsaugmentedbythefactthatthepointwheretheboyslostthetrailandmadetheirnightquarterswashardlythreemilesfromthemaincamp——towhichanhourlatercamethetwosurvivorswiththeirgloomytidings。

Terrornowtookholdofthelittlebandofemigrants，andtherewereloudoutcriesforturningback。TheBryans，whohadarrivedmeanwhile，alsoadvisedretreat，sayingthatthe"signs"aboutthesceneofbloodindicatedanIndianuprising。Danielcarriedthescalpedbodyofhisson，theboy-comradeofhishappyhunts，tothecampandburieditthereatthebeginningofthetrail。

Hisvoicealoneurgedthattheygoon。

Fortunatelyindeed，aseventsturnedout，Boonewasoverruled，andtheexpeditionwasabandoned。TheBryanpartyandtheothersfromNorthCarolinawentbacktotheYadkin。BoonehimselfwithhisfamilyaccompaniedRusselltotheClinchsettlement，whereheerectedatemporarycabinonthefarmofoneofthesettlers，andthensetoutaloneonthechasetoearnprovisionforhiswifeandchildrenthroughthewinter。

ThosewhoprophesiedanIndianwarwerenotmistaken。Whenthesnowyhuntingseasonhadpassedandthe"PowwowingDays"werecome，theIndianwardrumrattledinthemedicinehousefromthebordersofPennsylvaniatothoseofCarolina。Thecausesofthestrifeforwhichtheredmenweremakingreadymustbebrieflynotedtohelpusformajustopinionofthedeedsthatfollowed。

EarlywritershaveusuallyrepresentedthefrontiersmenassaintsinbuckskinandtheIndiansasfiendswithouttheshadowofaclaimoneitherthelandorhumanity。Manylaterwritershavemerelyreversedtheshield。ThetruthisthattheIndiansandtheborderersreacteduponeachothertothehurtofboth。

Paradoxically，theygrewlikeenoughtohateoneanotherwithasavagehatred——andbothwantedtheland。

Land！Land！wasthesloganofallsortsandconditionsofmen。

Tidewaterofficialsheldsolemnpowwowswiththechiefs，gavewampumstrings，andforthwithincorporated。*Chiefsblessedtheirwhitebrotherswhohad"foreverbrightenedthechainoffriendship，"departedhome，andproceededtobrightenthebladesoftheirtomahawksandtoawait，notlong，theopportunitytousethemoncasualhunterswhocarriedintheirkitsthecompass，the"land-stealer。"Usuallythesurveyinghunterwasaborderer；andonhimthetomahawkdescendedwithanacceleratedgusto。Privatecitizensalsoformedlandcompaniesandsentoutsurveyors，regardlessoftreaties。BoldfrontiersmenwentintoNoMan’sLandandstakedouttheirclaims。IntheveryyearwhendisasterturnedtheBoonepartyback，JamesHarrodhadenteredKentuckyfromPennsylvaniaandhadmarkedthesiteofasettlement。

*TheactivitiesofthegreatlandcompaniesaredescribedinAlvord’sexhaustivework，"TheMississippiValleyinBritishPolitics。"

Tenyearsearlier（1763），theKinghadissuedthefamousandmuchmisunderstoodProclamationrestrictinghis"lovingsubjects"fromthelandswestofthemountains。Thecolonistsinterpretedthisdocumentasatyrannouscurtailmentoftheirlibertiesforthebenefitofthefurtrade。WeknownowthattheportionofthisProclamationrelatingtowesternsettlementwasawiseprovisiondesignedtoprotectthesettlersonthefrontierbyallayingthesuspicionsoftheIndians，whoviewedwithapprehensionthetriumphaloccupationofthatvastterritoryfromCanadatotheGulfofMexicobythecolonizingEnglish。ByseekingtocompelalllandpurchasetobemadethroughtheCrown，itwasdesignedlikewisetoprotecttheIndiansfrom"whiskypurchase，"andtomakeimpossiblethetransferoftheirlandsexceptwithconsentoftheIndianCouncil，orfullquotaofheadmen，whosejointactionaloneconveyedwhatthetribesconsideredtobelegaltitle。Salesmadeaccordingtothisform，SirWilliamJohnsondeclaredtotheLordsofTrade，hehadneverknowntoberepudiatedbytheIndians。ThisparagraphoftheProclamationwasinsubstanceanembodimentofJohnson’ssuggestionstotheLordsofTrade。Itspurposewassquaredealingandpacification；andshrewdmensuchasWashingtonrecognizedthatitwasnotintendedasafinalchecktoexpansion。"AtemporaryexpedienttoquietthemindsoftheIndians，"Washingtoncalledit，andthenhimselfwentoutalongtheGreatKanawhaandintoKentucky，surveyingland。

ItwillbeaskedwhathadbecomeoftheOhioCompanyofVirginiaandthatfortattheForksoftheOhio；onceaboneofcontentionbetweenFranceandEngland。FortPitt，asitwasnowcalled，hadfallenfoulofanotherdispute，thistimebetweenVirginiaandPennsylvania。VirginiaclaimedthatthefarwesterncornerofherboundaryascendedjustfarenoughnorthtotakeinFortPitt。

Pennsylvaniaassertedthatitdidnothingofthesort。TheOhioCompanyhadmeanwhilebeenmergedintotheWalpoleCompany。

GeorgeCroghan，atFortPitt，wastheCompany’sagentandassuchwasaccusedbyPennsylvaniaoffavoringfromulteriormotivestheclaimsofVirginia。HotheadsinbothcoloniesasseveratedthattheIndiansweresecretlybeingstirredupinconnectionwiththeboundarydisputes。IfitdoesnotveryclearlyappearhowanIndianrisingwouldhavesettledtheownershipofFortPitt，itisevidentenoughwheretheinterestsofVirginiaandPennsylvaniaclashed。Virginiawantedlandforsettlementandspeculation；PennsylvaniawantedtheIndiansleftinpossessionforthebenefitofthefurtrade。SofarfromstirringuptheIndians，ashisenemiesdeclared，Croghanwasasusualgivingawayallhissubstancetokeepthemquiet。*Indeed，duringthissummerof1774，elevenhundredIndianswereencampedaboutFortPittvisitinghim。

*ThesuspicionthatCroghanandLordDunmore，theGovernorofVirginia，wereinstigatingthewarappearstohavearisenoutoftheconductofDr。JohnConnolly，Dunmore’sagentandCroghan’snephew。CroghanhadinducedtheShawanoestobringunderescorttoFortPittcertainEnglishtradersresidentintheIndiantowns。TheescortwasfiredonbymilitiamenundercommandofConnolly，whoalsoissuedaproclamationdeclaringastateofwartoexist。Connolly，however，probablyactedonhisowninitiative。HewasinterestedinlandonhisownbehalfandwasbynomeanstheonlymanatthattimewhowasreadytocommitoutragesonIndiansinordertoobtainit。AsCroghanlamented，therewas"toogreataspiritinthefrontierpeopleforkillingIndians。"

TwohundredthousandacresintheWest——KentuckyandWestVirginia——hadbeenpromisedtothecolonialofficersandsoldierswhofoughtintheSevenYears’War。ButaftermakingtheProclamationtheBritishGovernmenthaddelayedissuingthepatents。Washingtoninterestedhimselfintryingtosecurethem；

andLordDunmore，whoalsohadcaughtthe"land-fever，"*proddedtheBritishauthoritiesbutwononlyrebukeforhisinconvenientactivities。Insistent，however，Dunmoresentoutpartiesofsurveyorstofixtheboundsofthesoldiers’claims。JamesHarrod，CaptainThomasBullitt，HancockTaylor，andthreeMcAfeebrothersenteredKentucky，bytheOhio，underDunmore’sorders。

JohnFloydwentinbytheKanawhaasWashington’sagent。A

bird’s-eyeviewofthatperiodwoulddisclosetousveryfewindeedofHisMajesty’slovingsubjectswhowerepayinganyattentiontohisproclamation。Earlyin1774，Harrodbeganthebuildingofcabinsandafort，andplantedcornonthesiteofHarrodsburg。ThustohimandnottoBoonefellthehonoroffoundingthefirstpermanentwhitesettlementinKentucky*SeeAlvord，"TheMississippiValleyinBritishPolitics，"vol。

II，pp。191-94。

Whensummercame，itsthickverdureprofferingambuscade，theairhungtensealongtheborder。TradershadsentinwordthatShawanoes，Delawares，Mingos，Wyandots，andCherokeeswererefusingallotherexchangethanrifles，ammunition，knives，andhatchets。Whitemenwereshotdownintheirfieldsfromambush。

DeadIndianslayamongtheirownyoungcorn，theirscalplockstaken。Thereweremenofbothraceswhowantedwarandmeanttohaveit——andwithittheland。

LordDunmore，theGovernor，resolvedthat，ifwarwereinevitable，itshouldbefoughtoutintheIndiancountry。Withthisintent，hewrotetoColonelAndrewLewisofBotetourtCounty，CommanderoftheSouthwestMilitia，instructinghimtoraisearespectablebodyoftroopsand"joinmeeitheratthemouthoftheGreatKanawhaorWheeling，orsuchotherpartoftheOhioasmaybemostconvenientforyoutomeetme。"TheGovernorhimselfwithaforceoftwelvehundredproceededtoFortPitt，whereCroghan，aswehaveseen，wasextendinghishospitalitytoelevenhundredwarriorsfromthedisaffectedtribes。

OnreceiptoftheGovernor’sletter，AndrewLewissentoutexpressestohisbrotherColonelCharlesLewis，CountyLieutenantofAugusta，andtoColonelWilliamPreston，CountyLieutenantofFincastle，toraisemenandbringthemwithallspeedtotherendezvousatCampUnion（Lewisburg）ontheBigLevelsoftheGreenbrier（WestVirginia）。AndrewLewissummonedtheseofficerstoanexpeditionfor"reducingourinveterateenemiestoreason。"

Prestoncalledforvolunteerstotakeadvantageof"theopportunitywehavesolongwishedfor……thisuselessPeoplemaynowatlastbeoblidgedtoabandontheircountry。"Thesemenwereamongnotonlythebravestbutthebestoftheirtime；butthiswastheirviewoftheIndianandhisallegedrights。Toeliminatethis"uselesspeople，"inveterateenemiesofthewhiterace，was，astheysawit，apoliticalnecessityandareligiousduty。Andwetodaywhoprofitbytheirdeedsdarenotcondemnthem。

FervorlesssolemnwasarousedinotherquartersbyDunmore’scalltoarms。AtWheeling，someeightyorninetyyoungadventurers，inchargeofCaptainMichaelCresapofMaryland，werewaitingforthefreshetstosweepthemdowntheOhiointoKentucky。Whenthenewsreachedthem，theygreeteditwiththewildmonotonechantandtheceremoniespreliminarytoIndianwarfare。Theyplantedthewarpole，strippedandpaintedthemselves，andstartingthewardancecalledonCresaptobetheir"whiteleader。"Thecaptain，however，declined；butinthatwildcirclinglinewasonewhowasawhiteleaderindeed。Hewasasandy-hairedboyoftwenty——oneoftheboldraceofEnglishVirginians，ruggedandoffierycountenance，withblueeyesintenseofglanceanddeepsetunderahighbrowthat，whilemodeledforpower，seemedthreatenedinitspromisebythetoosensitivechiselingofhislips。Witheverynervestrainingforthefray，withthuddingoffeetandcrooningofthebloodsong，hewheeledwiththoseothermadspiritsroundthewarpoletillthesetofsunclosedtherites。"Thateveningtwoscalpswerebroughtintocamp，"soaletterofhisreads。Doestheboldsavagecolorofthispictureaffrightus？Wouldweveilit？ThenweshouldlosesomethingofthetruelineamentsofGeorgeRogersClark，who，withinfourshortyears，wastoleadatinyarmyoftatteredandstarvingbackwoodsmen，ashamedtoquailwhereheneverflinched，throughbarrensandicyfloodstotheconquestofIllinoisfortheUnitedStates。

ThoughCresaphadrejectedtheroleof"whiteleader，"hedidnotescapethetouchofinfamy。"Cresap’sWar"wasthenametheIndiansgavetothebloodyencountersbetweensmallpartiesofwhitesandIndians，whichfollowedonthatwardanceandscalping，duringthesummermonths。OneoftheseencountersmustbedetailedherebecausehistoryhasassigneditastheimmediatecauseofDunmore’sWar。

Greathouse，Sapperton，andKing，threetraderswhohadapostonYellowCreek，atributaryoftheOhiofiftymilesbelowPittsburgh，invitedseveralIndiansfromacrossthestreamtocomeanddrinkwiththemandtheirfriends。AmongtheIndiansweretwoorthreemenofimportanceintheMingotribe。Therewerealsosomewomen，oneofwhomwastheIndianwifeofColonelJohnGibson，aneducatedmanwhohaddistinguishedhimselfasasoldierwithForbesin1768。ThattheIndianscameinamityandapprehendednotreacherywasprovedbythepresenceofthewomen。

Gibson’swifecarriedherhalfcastebabyinhershawl。Thedisreputabletraderspliedtheirguestswithdrinktothepointofintoxicationandthenmurderedthem。Kingshotthefirstmanand，whenhefell，cuthisthroat，sayingthathehadservedmanyadeerinthatfashion。Gibson’sIndianwifefledandwasshotdownintheclearing。Amanfollowedtodispatchherandherbaby。Sheheldthechilduptohimpleading，withherlastbreath，thathewouldspareitbecauseitwasnotIndianbut"oneofyours。"Themotherdead，thechildwaslatersenttoGibson。

TwelveIndiansinallwerekilled。

MeanwhileCroghanhadpersuadedtheIroquoistopeace。WiththehelpofDavidZeisberger，theMoravianmissionary，andWhiteEyes，aDelawarechief，heandDunmorehadwonovertheDelawarewarriors。IntheCherokeecouncils，Oconostotademandedthatthetreatyofpeacesignedin1761bekept。TheShawanoes，however，ledbyCornstalk，wereimplacable；andtheyhadasalliestheOttawasandMingos，whohadenteredthecouncilwiththem。

AfamouschiefofthedayandoneofgreatinfluenceovertheIndians，andalsoamongthewhiteofficialswhodealtwithIndianaffairs，wasTachnech-dor-us，orBranchingOakoftheForest，aMingowhohadtakenthenameofLoganoutofcomplimenttoJamesLoganofPennsylvania。ChiefLoganhadrecentlymetwithsomuchreproachfromhisredbrothersforhisloyaltytothewhitesthathehaddepartedfromtheMingotownatYellowCreek。But，learningthathistribehaddeterminedtoassisttheShawanoesandhadalreadytakensomewhitescalps，herepairedtotheplacewheretheMingoswereholdingtheirwarcounciltoexerthispowersforpeace。There，inpresenceofthewarriors，afterswayingthemfromtheirpurposebythoseoratoricalgiftswhichgavehimhisinfluenceandhisrenown，hetookthewarhatchetthathadalreadykilled，andburieditinproofthatvengeancewasappeased。UponthisscenethereenteredaMingofromYellowCreekwiththenewsofthemurderscommittedtherebythethreetraders。TheIndianwhosethroathadbeenslitasKinghadserveddeerwasLogan’sbrother。Anothermanslainwashiskinsman。Thewomanwiththebabywashissister。Logantoreupfromtheearththebloodytomahawkand，raisingitabovehishead，sworethathewouldnotresttillhehadtakentenwhitelivestopayforeachoneofhiskin。AgaintheMingowarriorsdeclaredforwarandthistimewerenotdissuaded。ButLogandidnotjointhisredarmy。Hewentoutalonetowreakhisvengeance，slayingandscalping。

MeanwhileDunmorepreparedtopushthewarwiththeutmostvigor。

HisfirstconcernwastorecallthesurveyingpartiesfromKentucky，andforsohazardousanerrandheneededtheservicesofamanwhoseendurance，speed，andwoodcraftwereequaltothoseofanyIndianscoutafoot。ThroughColonelPreston，hisorderswereconveyedtoDanielBoone，forBoone’sfamehadnowspreadfromthebordertothetidewaterregions。Itwasstatedthat"Boonewouldlosenotime，"and"iftheyarealive，itisindisputablebutBoonemustfindthem。"

SoBoonesetoutincompanywithMichaelStoner，anotherexpertwoodsman。HisgeneralinstructionsweretogodowntheKentuckyRivertoPreston’sSaltLickandacrosscountrytotheFallsoftheOhio，andthencehomebyGaspar’sLickontheCumberlandRiver。Indianwarpartiesweremovingundercoveracross"theDarkandBloodyGround"tosurroundthevariousgroupsofsurveyorsstillatlargeandtoexterminatethem。Boonemadehisjourneysuccessfully。HefoundJohnFloyd，whowassurveyingforWashington；hespeduptowhereHarrodandhisbandwerebuildingcabinsandsentthemout，justintimeasithappened；hereachedalltheoutpostsofThomasBullitt’sparty，onlyoneofwhomfellavictimtothefoe*；and，undetectedbytheIndians，hebroughthimselfandStonerhomeinsafety，aftercoveringeighthundredmilesinsixty-onedays。

*HancockTaylor，whodelayedingettingoutofthecountryandwascutoff。

Harrodandhishomesteadersimmediatelyenlistedinthearmy。HoweagerBoonewastogowiththeforcesunderLewisisseenintheofficialcorrespondencerelativetoDunmore’sWar。FloydwantedBoone’shelpinraisingacompany："CaptainBledsoesaysthatBoonehasmore[influence]thananymannowdisengaged；andyouknowwhatBoonehasdoneforme……forwhichreasonIlovetheman。"Eventheborder，itwouldseem，haditsspeciesofpacifistswhowerewillingtoletotherstakerisksforthem，formenhungbackfromrecruiting，anddesertionsweretheorderoftheday。MajorArthurCampbellhituponasolutionofthedifficultiesinWestFincastle。HewasconvincedthatBoonecouldraiseacompanyandholdthemenloyal。AndBoonedid。

Forsomereason，however，Daniel’sdesiretomarchwiththearmywasdenied。Perhapsitwasbecausejustsuchamanashe——and，indeed，therewasnoother——wasneededtoguardthesettlement。

PresentlyhewasputincommandofMoore’sFortinClinchValley，andhis"diligence"receivedofficialapprobation。AlittlelatertheinhabitantsofthevalleysentoutapetitiontohaveBoonemadea"captain"andgivensupremecommandofthelowerforts。

ThesettlersdemandedBoone’spromotionfortheirownsecurity。

"Thelanditisgood，itisjusttoourmind，EachwillhavehispartifhisLordshipbekind，TheOhioonceours，we’llliveatourease，Withabottleandglasstodrinkwhenweplease。"

Sosangthearmypoet，thusgivingvoice，asbardsshouldeverdo，tothethemenearesttheheartsofhishearers——inthiscase，Land！PresumablyhisdittywascomposedontheeveofthemarchfromLewisburg，foritisfoundinasoldier’sdiary。

OntheeveningofOctober9，1774，AndrewLewiswithhisforceofelevenhundredfrontiersmenwasencampedonPointPleasantatthejunctionoftheGreatKanawhawiththeOhio。DunmoreinthemeantimehadledhisforcesintoOhioandhaderectedFortGoweratthemouthoftheHockhockingRiver，wherehewaitedforwordfromAndrewLewis。*

*IthasbeencustomarytoascribetoLordDunmoremotivesoftreacheryinfailingtomakeconnectionswithLewis；butnorealevidencehasbeenadvancedtosupportanyofthechargesmadeagainsthimbylocalhistorians。Thechargeswere，asTheodoreRooseveltsays，"anafterthought。"DunmorewasaKing’smanintheRevolution；andyetinMarch，1775，theConventionoftheColonyofVirginia，assembledinoppositiontotheroyalparty，resolved："ThemostcordialthanksofthepeopleofthiscolonyareatributejustlyduetoourworthyGovernorLordDunmore，forhistrulynoble，wise，andspiritedconductwhichatonceevinceshisExcellency’sattentiontothetrueinterestsofthiscolony，andarealintheexecutivedepartmentwhichnodangerscandivert，ordifficultieshinder，fromachievingthemostimportantservicestothepeoplewhohavethehappinesstoliveunderhisadministration。"（See"AmericanArchives，"FourthSeries，vol。

II，p。170。）SimilarresolutionswerepassedbyhisofficersonthemarchhomefromOhio；atthesametime，theofficerspassedresolutionsinsympathywiththeAmericancause。YetitwasAndrewLewiswholaterdroveDunmorefromVirginia。WellmightDunmoreexclaim，"Thatitshouldevercometothis！"

ThemovementsofthetwoarmieswerebeingobservedbyscoutsfromtheforceofredwarriorsgatheredinOhiounderthegreatleaderoftheShawanoes。Cornstalkpurposedtoisolatethetwoarmiesofhisenemyandtocrushtheminturnbeforetheycouldcometogether。HisfirstmovewastolaunchanattackonLewisatPointPleasant。Inthedarkofnight，Cornstalk’sIndianscrossedtheOhioonrafts，intendingtosurprisethewhiteman’scampatdawn。Theywouldhavesucceededbutforthechancethatthreeorfourofthefrontiersmen，whohadrisenbeforedaybreaktohunt，cameupontheIndianscreepingtowardsthecamp。Shotswereexchanged。AnIndianandawhitemandropped。Thefiringrousedthecamp。ThreehundredmenintwolinesunderCharlesLewisandWilliamFlemingsalliedforthexpectingtoengagethevanguardoftheenemybutencounteredalmostthewholeforceoffromeighthundredtoathousandIndiansbeforetherestofthearmycouldcomeintoaction。Bothofficerswerewounded，CharlesLewisfatally。Thebattle，whichcontinuedfromdawnuntilanhourbeforesunset，wasthebloodiestinVirginia’slongseriesofIndianwars。Thefrontiersmenfoughtassuchmeneverfought——withthedaring，bravery，swiftnessofattack，andskillintakingcoverwhichwerethetacticsoftheirday，evenasatalatertimemanyofthesesamemenfoughtatKing’sMountainandinIllinoisthebattlesthatdidsomuchtoturnthetideintheRevolution。*

*WithAndrewLewisonthisdaywereIsaacShelbyandWilliamCampbell，thevictoriousleadersatKing’sMountain，JamesRobertson，the"fatherofTennessee，"ValentineSevier，DanielMorgan，herooftheCowpens，MajorArthurCampbell，BenjaminLogan，AnthonyBledsoe，andSimonKenton。WithDunmore’sforcewereAdamStephen，whodistinguishedhimselfattheBrandywine，GeorgeRogersClark，JohnStuart，alreadynotedthroughtheCherokeewars，andJohnMontgomery，lateroneofClark’sfourcaptainsinIllinois。ThetwolastmentionedwereHighlanders。

Clark’sIllinoisforcewaslargelyrecruitedfromthetroopswhofoughtatPointPleasant。

ColonelPrestonwrotetoPatrickHenrythattheenemybehavedwith"inconceivablebravery，"theheadmenwalkingaboutinthetimeofactionexhortingtheirmento"lieclose，shootwell，bestrong，andfight。"TheShawanoesranuptothemuzzlesoftheEnglishguns，disputingeveryfootofground。Bothsidesknewwellwhattheywerefightingfor——therichlandheldinasemicirclebytheBeautifulRiver。

ShortlybeforesundowntheIndians，mistakingaflankmovementbyShelby’scontingentforthearrivalofreinforcements，retreatedacrosstheOhio。ManyoftheirmostnotedwarriorshadfallenandamongthemtheShawanochief，Puck-e-shin-wa，fatherofafamousson，Tecumseh。*Yettheywereunwillingtoacceptdefeat。WhentheyheardthatDunmorewasnowmarchingoverlandtocutthemofffromtheirtowns，theirfuryblazedanew。"Shallwefirstkillallourwomenandchildrenandthenfighttillweourselvesareslain？"Cornstalk，inirony，demandedofthem；"No？ThenIwillgoandmakepeace。"

*Thwaites，"DocumentaryHistoryofDunmore’sWar。"

BythetreatycompactedbetweenthechiefsandLordDunmore，theIndiansgaveupallclaimtothelandssouthoftheOhio，evenforhunting，andagreedtoallowboatstopassunmolested。InthistreatytheMingosrefusedtojoin，andadetachmentofDunmore’stroopsmadeapunitiveexpeditiontotheirtowns。SomediscordarosebetweenDunmoreandLewis’sfrontierforcesbecause，sincetheShawanoeshadmadepeace，theGovernorwouldnotallowthefrontiersmentodestroytheShawanotowns。

Ofallthechiefs，Loganalonestillheldaloof。MajorGibsonundertooktofetchhim，butLoganrefusedtocometothetreatygrounds。HesentbyGibsontheshortspeechwhichhaslivedasanexampleofthebestIndianoratory：

"IappealtoanywhitemantosayifeverheenteredLogan’scabinhungryandhegavehimnotmeat：ifeverhecamecoldandnakedandheclothedhimnot。Duringthecourseofthelastlongandbloodywar，Loganremainedidleinhiscabin，anadvocateforpeace。Suchwasmyloveforthewhitesthatmycountrymenpointedastheypassedandsaid，’Loganisthefriendofthewhitemen。’

Ihadeventhoughttohavelivedwithyoubutfortheinjuriesofoneman。ColonelCresap，thelastspring，incoldbloodandunprovoked，murderedalltherelationsofLogan，notevensparingmywomenandchildren。Thereremainsnotadropofmybloodintheveinsofanylivingcreature。Thiscalledonmeforrevenge。

Ihavesoughtit；Ihavekilledmany；Ihavefullygluttedmyvengeance：formycountryIrejoiceatthebeamsofpeace。Butdonotharborathoughtthatmineisthejoyoffear。Loganneverfeltfear。Hewillnotturnonhisheeltosavehislife。WhoistheretomournforLogan？Notone。"*

*SomewritershavequestionedtheauthenticityofLogan’sspeech，incliningtothinkthatGibsonhimselfcomposedit，partlybecauseofthebiblicalsuggestioninthefirstfewlines。

ThatGibsongavebiblicalphraseologytotheselinesisapparent，though，asAdairpointsouttherearemanyexamplesofsimilitudeinIndianandbiblicalexpression。ButthethoughtisIndianandrelatestothefirstarticleoftheIndian’screed，namely，tosharehisfoodwiththeneedy。"Thereremainsnotadropofmybloodintheveinsofanylivingcreature"isatrulyIndianlament。Evidentlythefinalfourlinesofthespeecharethemostliterallytranslated，fortheyhavetheformandtheprimitiverhythmicbeatwhichastudentofIndianpoetryquicklyrecognizes。

Theauthenticityofthespeech，aswellastheinnocenceofCresap，whomLoganmistakenlyaccused，wasvouchedforbyGeorgeRogersClarkinalettertoDr。SamuelBrowndatedJune17，1798。SeeJeffersonpapers，Series6，quotedbyEnglish，"ConquestoftheCountryNorthwestoftheRiverOhio。"vol。II。

p。1029。

Byriversandtrails，inlargeandsmallcompanies，startedhomethearmythathadwontheland。TheWestFincastletroops，fromthelowersettlementsoftheClinchandHolstonvalleys，weretoreturnbytheKentuckyRiver，whilethosefromtheuppervalleywouldtaketheshorterwayupSandyCreek。Tokeeptheminprovisionsduringthejourneyitwasorderedthathuntersbesentoutalongtheseroutestokillandbarbecuemeatandplaceitonscaffoldsatappropriatespots。

【推荐阅读】幽幽深宫，醒来一梦似千年，重生于下堂妃身躯中的她，将如何手刃仇人? 点击阅读